ArcGIS-ESRIGeospatial - GIS

5 ngano uye zvishanu zveBIM - GIS kusangana

Chris Andrews akanyora chinyorwa chakakosha panguva inonakidza, apo ESRI neAutoDesk vari kutsvaga nzira dzekuunza nyore kweGIS kune jira rekugadzira rinoedza kuita BIM seyero muinjiniya, dhizaini uye maitiro ekuvaka. Kunyange zvazvo chinyorwa chacho chichitora maonero emakambani maviri aya, inzvimbo inofadza yekuona, kunyange zvazvo isingaenderani nemano evamwe vatauri pamusika seTekla (Trimble), Geomedia (Hexagon) uye Imodel. js (Bentley). Tinoziva kuti dzimwe nzvimbo pamberi peBIM dzaive "CAD inoita GIS" kana "GIS inoshandura kuCAD".

Nhoroondo diki…

Mumakore makumi masere nemakumi mapfumbamwe nemakumi mapfumbamwe, tekinoroji dzeCAD neGIS dzakabuda senzira dzekukwikwidza dzevashandi vaida kushanda neruzivo rwepakati, iyo yaigadziriswa zvakanyanya kuburikidza nepepa. Munguva iyoyo, kusanzwisisika kwesoftware uye kugona kweiyo Hardware kunogumira chiyero cheizvo zvinogona kuitwa nehunyanzvi hwekubatsirwa nemakomputa, zvese zvekunyora uye kuongorora mepu. CAD neGIS zvinoita kunge dziri kupindirana shanduro dzemakomputa maturusi ekushanda nejometri uye data iro raizogadzira mapepa mapepa.

Sezvo software nehardware zvave kufambira mberi uye kuomarara, takaona hunyanzvi hwese matekinoroji akatitenderedza, kusanganisira CAD neGIS, uye nzira yekuenda kudhijitari yakazara (inonziwo "digitized") workflows. CAD tekinoroji yakatanga yakanangana nekuita otomatiki mabasa kubva kumanyorero ekudhirowa. Kuvaka Ruzivo rweModeli (BIM), maitiro ekuita zvirinani panguva yekugadzira nekuvaka, yave kusundidzira zvishoma nezvishoma BIM neCAD maturusi ekugadzira kure nekugadzira madhirowa uye kune akangwara edhijitari modhi yezvinhu chaizvo zvepasirese. Mamodheru akagadzirwa mune yazvino BIM dhizaini maitiro akaomesesa zvakakwana kutevedzera kuvaka, kutsvaga hurema pakutanga mukugadzira, uye kugadzira fungidziro dzakanyanya - dzekuteedzera bhajeti pamapurojekiti anochinja zvine simba, semuenzaniso.

GIS yavewo kusiyaniswa uye kwakawedzera unyanzvi hwavo pamusoro nguva. Zvino, GIS anogona kugadzirisa zviuru mamiriyoni zviitiko kubva sensors kurarama visualizations kubva petabytes pamusoro yokutevedzera 3D, uye mifananidzo kuti Browser kana serura, uye chokufenbera analytics, kunzwisisa, uye escalations pamusoro vakawanda nodes vakapararira kugadzira mu gore. The map, iro rakatanga somunhu Analytical mudziyo papepa, kwave pachishandurwa kuva dashboard kana portal yokutaurirana synthesize zvakaoma inoongorora ari munhu-interpretable chimiro.

Kuti uwane ruzivo rwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwemabasa ekufambisa pakati peBIM neGIS, zvakakosha kune dzimba dzakadai se Smart Cities uye Digitized Engineering, tinofanira kutarisa kuti nyika idzi mbiri dzinogona sei kudarika mhirizhonga yemakambani uye kuenda kumabasa kupedza digitized, izvo zvichatibvumira kubvisa kubva pamapepa ekugadzirisa kwemazana emakore apfuura.

Nhema: BIM ndeye ...

Munharaunda yeGIS, chimwe chezvinhu zvakajairika zvandinoona uye ndinonzwa ndezvinyorwa zveBIM zvakabva kune kunzwisisa kwekunze kwenyika yeBIM. Ndinowanzonzwa kuti BIM ndeyekutungamira, kutarisa, 3D modeling kana kuti ndeyezvivakwa, somuenzaniso. Zvinosuruvarisa, hapana chimwe chezvizvi chaizvoizvo izvo BIM inoshandiswa, kunyange zvingawedzera kana kuti zvibvumira zvimwe zvezvikwanisa kana mabasa.

Chaizvoizvo, BIM inzira yekuchengetedza nguva nemari, uye kuwana mhedzisiro yakavimbika kwazvo panguva yekugadzira uye yekuvaka maitiro. Iyo 3D modhi inogadzirwa panguva yeBIM dhizaini dhizaini ndeye-chibereko chechinodiwa chekurongedza chakasarudzika dhizaini, kutora chimiro sezvazviri, kuyera kupaza kwemitengo, kana kupa zviri pamutemo kana chibvumirano rekodhi yeshanduko kune chinhu chaicho. . Kufungidzira kunogona kuve chikamu chezviitiko, nekuti zvinobatsira vanhu kuti vanzwisise masimba, hunhu, uye aesthetics yechirongwa chakarongwa.

Sezvo ini ndakadzidza nguva refu yapfuura ku Autodesk, iyo 'B' muBIM inomirira 'Vaka, chiito' kwete 'Kuvaka, zita'. Autodesk, Bentley, nevamwe vatengesi vakashanda neindasitiri kuti vape pfungwa dzeBIM maitiro, munzvimbo dzakadai sezvitima, migwagwa nemigwagwa mikuru, zvinoshandiswa, uye zvekufona. Chero agency kana sangano, manejimendi uye kuvaka yakamisikidzwa zviwanikwa zvepanyama, ine yakapihwa kufarira kuona kuti yavo dhizaini neinjiniya makondirakiti anoshandisa BIM maitiro.

Dhata yeBIM inogona kushandiswa mukufambiswa kwemabasa ekushambadzira kweaseti. Izvi zvakaonekwa, semuenzaniso, mune nyowani ISO mitemo yeBIM, iyo yakaziviswa, neUK tsika tsika yekumisikidza, yakasimbiswa mumakore gumi apfuura. Kunyangwe izvi zvirevo zvitsva zvichitarisa pakushandiswa kweBIM data, pamusoro pehupenyu hwese hweaseti, zvichiri pachena kuti kuchengetedza mumitengo yekuvaka, sezvakataurwa muchinyorwa, ndiyo mutyairi mukuru kugamuchirwa kweBIM.

Kana ichitariswa sechiitiko, kusanganisa tekinoroji yeGIS neBIM inova yakaoma kunzwisisa kupfuura kungoverenga magiraidhi uye hunhu kubva kuiyo modhi ye3D nekuzviratidza muGIS. Kuti tinzwisise zvechokwadi kuti ruzivo runogona kushandiswa sei muBIM neGIS, tinowanzoona kuti tinofanirwa kutsanangudza pfungwa yedu yekuvaka kana mugwagwa, uye tinzwisise mashandisiro evatengi ekushandisa dhata rakasiyana-siyana re data muprojisiti mamiriro. Isu takaona zvakare kuti kutarisisa modhi dzimwe nguva kunoreva kuti isu takatarisira zvakapusa, zvakapusa zvekufashukira izvo zvakakosha kune ese maitiro, sekushandisa dhata rakaunganidzwa mumunda nemazvo panzvimbo yekuvaka, batanidza iyo nzvimbo kune yemhando dhata yekutarisa, kuongorora uye kuongorora.

Pakupedzisira, tinongowana kunzwisisa kwakafanana uye mhedzisiro kana "takayambuka gap" kushanda muzvikwata zvakasanganiswa zvinogona kuunza kusiyana-siyana kugadzirisa matambudziko. Ndosaka tiri kushanda neAutodesk nevamwe vatinoshanda navo munzvimbo ino.
Kubatana pakati peEsri neAustodesk, yakatanga kuziviswa kwekutanga ku2017, yakange iri danho guru rekuunganidza boka revanhu vakawanda kuti rigadzirise zvimwe zvematongerwo eBIM-GIS.

Nhema: BIM inowanzopa zvinhu zveGIS

Chimwe chezvinhu zvakaoma pfungwa kuudza munhu asiri nyanzvi User muna BIM-GIS, ndiko kuti kunyange BIM womuenzaniso vanotarisa chaizvo sezvinoita zambuko kana chivakwa hazvireve vane unhu hunoumba tsanangudzo chivako kana zambuko kuti Mapping zvinangwa kana ye geospatial analysis.
KuEsri, tiri kushanda pazviitiko zvitsva zvekuvakwa kwekuvaka uye manejimendi manejimendi, seArcGIS Indoors. Vazhinji vashandisi vakatarisira kuti nebasa redu neAutodhek Revit dhata, tinogona kungozviburitsa zvakajairika mageometri senge makamuri, nzvimbo, mapurani epasi, tsoka yekuvaka, uye chimiro chechivako. Kunyangwe zvirinani, isu tinokwanisa kutora mesh yekufambisa kuti tione kuti munhu angayambuka sei chimiro.

Ese ma geometri aya anogona kubatsira zvakanyanya kune GIS kunyorera uye kweasset manejimendi mafashama. Zvakadaro, hapana eema geometri aya anodikanwa kuvaka chivakwa uye kazhinji haapo mune Revit modhi.
Tiri kuongorora matekinoroji kuti tione mageometri aya, asi mamwe anopa akaomarara ekutsvagisa uye nekufamba kwemabasa matambudziko akakanganisa iyo indasitiri kwemakore. Chii chisina mvura? Inosanganisira iyo hwaro here? Zvakadii nemabhalconi? Ndeipi tsoka yechivako? Inosanganisira zvakapfuura here? Kana kuti ingori mharadzano yechimiro pamwe nevhu?

Kuona kuti BIM mhando dzine mabasa anodikanwa eGIS mafashama, varidzi varidzi vanofanirwa kutsanangura iwo maratidziro eruzivo irworwo dhizaini nekuvaka zvisati zvatanga. Zvakafanana neyekare yeCAD-GIS yekushandurwa kwemafashama, umo data reCAD rinogoneswa risati rashandurwa kuita GIS, maitiro eBIM uye data rinoguma rinofanira kutsanangura uye kusanganisira hunhu hwaizoshandiswa panguva manejimendi yeiyo hupenyu kutenderera kwechimiro, kana icho chiri chinangwa chekugadzira iyo BIM dhata.

Kune masangano kutenderera pasirese, kazhinji hurumende nevashandisi veyakadzorwa kambasi kana masisitimu easset, ayo atanga kuda kuti hunhu hwehupenyu hwehupenyu uye hunhu kuverengerwa mune zvemukati zveBIM. MuUS, Hurumende Services Administration iri kusundidzira kuvaka patsva kuburikidza nezvinodiwa neBIM uye vamiririri vakaita seVeterans Administration vaenda kure kure kudonongodza zvinhu zveBIM, semakamuri nenzvimbo, izvo zvinobatsira mune manejimendi manejimendi mushure mekuvakwa kwechivakwa. Isu takaona kuti nhandare, dzakadai seDenver, Houston, neNashville, vane kudzora kwakasimba kwedata ravo reBIM uye kazhinji vane dhata rakaenderana. Ndakaona dzimwe hurukuro huru kubva kuSNCF AREP yakavaka chirongwa chakazara cheBIM chezviteshi zvezvitima, zvichibva pane pfungwa yekuti data reBIM raizoshandiswa mukuita uye manejimendi manejimendi kufambiswa kwemabasa. Ndinovimba kuona zvakawanda zveizvi mune ramangwana.

Dhata yakagovaniswa nesu kubva kuGeorge HW Bush Houston International Airport (inoratidzwa pano paWebhu AppBuilder) inoratidza kuti kana iyo BIM dhata yakaenzana, kazhinji kubudikidza nekudhirowa maturusi ekuvimbisa, ipapo inogona kuverengerwa zvakarongeka muGIS. . Kazhinji tinoona ruzivo rwekuvaka muBIM mamodheru usati watarisa ruzivo rwakanangana neFM

Nhema: pane faira mafaira anogona kupa BIM-GIS kuwirirana

Mune echinyakare bhizinesi rekubatanidza workflows, imwe tafura kana fomati inogona kuvezwa kune imwe tafura kana fomati, kutendeseka kubvumidza kuendesa kweruzivo pakati pema tekinoroji akasiyana. Nezvikonzero zvakasiyana, iyi pateni iri kuwedzera kusakwanira kubata zvido zve tRuzivo runotenderera muzana remakore re21:

  • Mashoko aya akachengetwa mumafaira akaoma kutumira
  • Kugoverwa kwemashoko kuburikidza nenzvimbo dzakaoma kunokanganisa
  • Dhipatimendi rekugovera rinoreva kusapedzisira kudhindwa kwezvinhu zviri muhurongwa
  • Data mapping is often unidirectional
  • Teknolojia, kukohwa kwemashoko uye kushandiswa kwemashandisi ekushandura zviri kuchinja zvakakurumidza zvokuti zvinonzwisisika kuti mazuva ano interfaces zvichange zvisingasviki pane izvo mangwana zvichatoda

Kuti vawane digitization wechokwadi, digitaalinen kumiririrwa chinokosha, anofanira kuva nyore mune vakaparadzira ezvinhu anogona modernized uye yoku- huenderane yokubvunza, ongororo uye inspections yakawanda kunzwisisa pamusoro nguva uye vakatevedza hupenyu hunobatsira hwezvinhu.

Imwe dhata modhi haigone kusanganisa zvese zvinogona kusanganisirwa muBIM neGIS kune akasiyana maindasitiri uye zvinodiwa nevatengi, saka hapana imwe fomati iyo inogona kutora kuzere kweichi chiitiko nenzira iri inogona kuwanikwa nekukurumidza uye bi-inongedzera. Ini ndinotarisira kuti matekinoroji ekubatanidza arambe achikura nekufamba kwenguva, sezvo BIM ichiwedzera kupfuma zvemukati uye paine chikonzero chekushandisa BIM dhata mune mamiriro eGIS yehupenyu hwehupenyu hwehutongi hweaseti, inozove yakakomba. yekugara kwakasimba kwevanhu.

Chinangwa chekubatanidzwa kweBIM-GIS ndechekugonesa kufambiswa kwemabasa kugadzira nekugadzirisa zvinhu. Iko hakuna kwakasarudzika, kwakatsanangurwa-kuchinjika pakati peaya maviri ekushambadzira.

Nhema: Haugoni kushandisa zvakananga BIM zvinyorwa muGIS

Kupesana nehurukuro yekuti ungawana sei maGIS maficha muBIM data, isu tinowanzo kunzwa kuti hazvina musoro uye hazvigoneke kushandisa zvakananga BIM zvemukati muGIS nekuda kwezvikonzero zvichibva pakusanzwisisika kwesemantic, kuwanda kwemidziyo, kusvika nhanho yemidziyo. Iyo hurukuro nezve BIM-GIS kubatanidzwa inowanzo tarisirwa kumafomati mafomati uye Bvisa, Shanduko, uye Mutoro (ETL) mafashama ebasa.

Muchokwadi, isu tatove tichishandisa zvakananga BIM zvemukati muGIS. Zhizha rapfuura, takazivisa kugona kuverenga zvakananga Revit faira muArcGIS Pro. Panguva iyoyo, modhi yacho yaigona kusangana neArcGIS Pro sekunge yaive nezvinhu zveGIS zvobva zvashandurwa kuita mamwe mafomati eGIS nemaoko enzira, kana inoshuviwa. NaArcGIS Pro 2.3, isu tiri kuburitsa kugona kushambadzira imwe nyowani mhando yeiyo layer chikamu chekuvaka chiitiko , iyo inobvumidza mushandisi kuputira iyo semantics, geometry, uye unongedze ruzivo rweRevit modhi mune yakasarudzika fomati yakavakirwa yezviitiko zveGIS. Iyo yekuvakira nzvimbo yakaturikidzana, iyo ichatsanangurwa mune yakavhurika I3S kududzirwa, inonzwa senge Revit modhi kune mushandisi uye inobvumidza kudyidzana uchishandisa zvakajairika GIS zvishandiso uye maitiro.

Ini ndanga ndichifadzwa kuona kuti nekuda kwekuwanika kweakawanda bandwidth, yakachipa kuchengetedza, uye isingadhuri kugadzirisa, tiri kufamba kubva 'ETL' kuenda 'ELT' kana workflows. Mune ino modhi, data rinonyanya kuiswa kune chero sisitimu inochida muchimiro chayo uye inogona kuzowanikwa yekushandurira kune iri kure system kana dura rekuchengetera uko kuongororwa kuchaitwa. Izvi zvinoderedza kutsamira pane kunogadziriswa sosi, uye zvinochengetedza zvemukati zvekushandurwa zvirinani kana zvakadzama sezvo tekinoroji ichivandudza. Tiri kushanda paELT kuEsri uye zvinoita sekunge takarova kukosha kwekuchinja uku pandakataura nezve 'kubvisa E uye T kubva kuETL' kumusangano wegore rapfuura. ELT inoita kuti hurukuro ichinje zvakanyanya kubva muchiitiko icho mushandisi anofanirwa kugara achibatanidzwa kunze kwechiitiko cheGIS kutsvaga kana kubvunza iyo modhi yacho yose. Kana uchinyatso kurodha iyo data muiyo ELT pateni,

Nhema: GIS ndiyo yakachengetedzwa yeBIM

Ndine mazwi maviri: "rekodhi yepamutemo". Zvinyorwa zveBIM zvinowanzova rekodhi yepamutemo yezvisarudzo zvebhizinesi uye ruzivo rwekuteerera, rwakarekodhwa kuongororwa kwehurema hwekuvaka uye mhosva, mutero uye kodhi yekuongorora, uye sehumbowo hwekutumira. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, vagadziri vezvivakwa uye mainjiniya vanofanirwa kutsika kana kuvimbisa kuti basa ravo rinoshanda uye rinosangana nezvinodiwa zvehunyanzvi hwavo uye mitemo inoshanda kana macode.

Pane imwe nguva, zvinofungidzirwa kuti GIS inogona kunge iri rekodhi yemhando dzeBIM, asi panguva ino, ndinofunga aya makore kana makumi emakore ari kure, akasungirirwa nehurongwa hwezvematongerwo enyika ayo achiri macomputer shanduro dzemapepa maitiro. Tiri kutsvaga kufefutirwa kwemabasa, kubatanidza zvinhu muGIS kune zviwanikwa zviri muzvitoro zveBIM, kuitira kuti vatengi vatore mukana wekudzora vhezheni uye zvinyorwa zvinodiwa munyika yeBIM pamwe nekugona kwemepu, kuisa ruzivo rweaseti mune hupfumi geospatial mamiriro ekuongorora uye kunzwisisa uye kutaurirana.

Zvakafanana ne "GIS features" chikamu chenhaurirano, kubatanidzwa kweruzivo mukati meBIM neGIS repositori kuchabatsirwa zvakanyanya nemhando dzeruzivo dzakamira muGIS neBIM, izvo zvinobvumira maapplication kubatanidza ruzivo nekuvimbika pakati pemadomasi maviri. Izvozvo hazvirevi kuti pachava nemuenzaniso wemashoko, kutora zvose GIS uye BIM ruzivo. Pane misiyano yakawandisa pamashandisirwo e data. Asi isu tinofanirwa kuve nechokwadi chekuti tinovaka tekinoroji inochinjika uye zviyero zvinogona kugarisa kushandiswa kwedata pamapuratifomu ese ane kuvimbika kwepamusoro uye kuchengetedza zvemukati zvedata.

Yunivhesiti yeKentucky yaive yemumwe wevatengi vekutanga kutipa mukana wekuwana kwavo Revit zvemukati. UKy inoshandisa yakasimba kudhirowa dhizaini kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti iyo chaiyo data iri muBIM dhata kutsigira izere lifecycle kushanda uye kugadzirisa.

Resumen

Shanduko muhurongwa hwehurdware uye software, uye kufamba kune yakadhiriviwa, nzanga inotungamirwa nedhata, iri kugadzira mikana yekubatanidza matekinoroji akasiyana siyana uye madomeni asina kumbovapo kare. Kubatanidzwa kwedata nekufambiswa kwemabasa kuburikidza neGIS neBIM, zvinotibvumidza kuti tiwane kugona kukuru, kugadzikana uye kugadzikana kwemaguta, makampasi nenzvimbo dzebasa dzakatikomberedza.

Kuti tiwane mari mukufambira mberi kwetekinoroji, tinoda kugadzira zvikwata zvakabatanidzwa uye kudyidzana kupa mhinduro kumatambudziko akaomarara anobata masisitimu ese, kwete discrete, static workflows. Isu tinofanirawo kuchinjika kune mitsva maitiro etekinoroji, ayo anogona kugadzirisa nyaya dzekubatanidza zvine simba uye zviri nyore. Maitiro ekubatanidza eGIS neBIM atinotora nhasi anofanira kunge ari "humbowo-uchapupu" kuitira kuti tishande pamwe chete kune ramangwana rakagadzikana.

 

 

Golgi Alvarez

Munyori, muongorori, nyanzvi muLand Management Models. Akatora chikamu mukugadzirisa uye kushandiswa kwemhando dzakadai se: National System of Property Administration SINAP muHonduras, Model of Management ye Joint Municipalities muHonduras, Integrated Model yeCadastre Management - Registry muNicaragua, System of Administration yeTerritory SAT muColombia. . Mupepeti weiyo Geofumadas ruzivo blog kubvira 2007 uye mugadziri weAulaGEO Academy iyo inosanganisira anopfuura zana makosi paGIS - CAD - BIM - Digital Twins misoro.

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One Comment

  1. Sawa, mangwanani akanaka kubva kuSpain.
    Kufungidzira kunofadza.
    Kana chinhu Ndine pachena ndechokuti remangwana inonakidza zvatiri, nzira izere nematambudziko uye mikana mukati Geomatics, izvo achazivikanwa ramangwana kuti kufamba mu utsanzi, unhu uye kutsigirana.

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