Land Administration Domain Model - Nyaya yeColombia

Iwo manejimendi ePasi parizvino ndiyo imwe yematambudziko makuru kune nyika. Haisi chishuwo chitsva, nekuti basa rayo rinopfuura kujekesa muzvinyorwa zvikuru zvebumbiro remitemo nemitemo yakasiyana inotonga hukama hwevagari neruzhinji uye zvakavanzika zviwanikwa zverudzi. Nekudaro, pane maitiro epasi rese ekuumbwa kwenzvimbo dzenyika dzinosimbisa mutemo wenyika umo mabhenefiti ayo matekinoroji zvino anopa, izvo zvinodiwa mukudyidzana kwenyika uyezve kudiwa kwevagari kuti kugona kweiyo mabasa eruzhinji.

Kubva pane tsime rakanaka ndakaudzwa kuti Colombia parizvino iri mukutora ISO 19152, inozivikanwa se Land Administration Domain Model. LADM, pamusoro pechiyero chekushanda kwepasirese, imhedzisiro yekubvumirana kwevanyanzvi vazhinji mukutonga kwepfuma, yakatorwa mukudzidza kwekuti nyika dzakasiyana dzepasi dzinozviita sei nekuda kwechiziviso cha1998 icho chinonamatira kutsiva zvetsika cadastre zvirongwa nekushandisa mamodheru. Ichi ndicho chikonzero chikuru nei iyo LADM isingakwanise kufuratirwa nenyanzvi dzakabatana nesainzi yepasi uye nenyaya yeColombia, sezvanga zvichitarisirwa, haisi kuonekwa semhinduro pachayo, asi kubva pakuona nzvimbo dzemitambo, semubatsiri wezve mutemo wezvematongerwo enyika wehutongi kwete yekodzero dzevhu chete asi zvakajairika zvezvinhu zvakasiyana zverudzi.

Ini ndinotaura nyaya yeColombia, nekuti zvichazodiwa kuti uzive kufambira mberi kwayo, sechiitiko chinonakidza icho pasina mubvunzo chichaonekwa kupfuura chirevo cheLatin America. Muchikamu chekutanga chakatanga semester yechipiri ya2015, haingori chete nedambudziko rekubatanidza masangano akasiyana ane chekuita nekutungamira kwezvinhu uye zvinhu zvisingaoneki zverudzi; Inotaridzawo hutungamiriri hwakajeka pamwe nekukura kwakaunzwa nemasangano akadai seAgustín Codazzi Institute, Superintendency yeNotaries neRegistry uye simba rekushandira pamwe kwepasi rese kuri kutsvaga kuita tsika dzakanaka.

Geofumar iri muLADM inoita senge chisarudzo chakangwara, chakapihwa zvinonetsa zvinosanganisirwa pakuronga uye nekubatanidza zviitiko zvezviitiko zvakaita seChirongwa Chekudyidzana kweRural Property, Land restitution Unit, Colombian Institute of Rural Development INCODER uye cadastres decentralized kuti mune zvimwe zviitiko zvinoita senge paine mamiriro ari nani pane yenyika senzira pamberi pekujaira shanduko.

Maitiro epasi rese mukutarisirwa kwepasi.

Ini ndinofanira kusimbirira kuti Land Administration haisi sainzi isingazivikanwe kune vazhinji vevashandi muLand Registry-Kunyoresa-Land Management chikamu; Ichave inoverengeka kuti unzwisise UML mamodheru pane iyo iyo LADM standard inoratidzwa uye nzira yekuishandura iyo muchirongwa chehurongwa icho chatove chiripo uye pamberi peatekinoroji mapuratifomu ari kushanda. Nekudaro, kuzadzisa ichi chinyorwa, ndinonunura kukosha kwezviitiko zvisingachinjiki muLand Administration izvo zvakapihwa mune imwe yemasangano echikamu chazvino uye nezvandisingakwanise kutaura iwo muganho pamucheto wezviri pachena. asi ivo vanomiririra matambudziko akakosha enzira yeColombia.

La kuvepo kwemitemo yemaitiro ekuvandudza iwo ruzivo, kubva kumatunhu epakati kune hurumende dzepasi, pasi pekutarisirwa kwemutoro kwete chete munhau yemari yemari asiwo zviri pamutemo.

• Kubatanidzwa kwe transactional masisitimu neuko kushanda kwehukama hwekugara pakati pevanofarira, kusanganisira hurumende, inodzorwa muzvinhu zvinomiririra kodzero dzeveruzhinji. Chinhu chinonakidza cheichi chiitiko ndechekuti centralization haireve yakawanda bureaucratization, nekuti inozadzikiswa neyekutanga maitiro, umo vanoshanda vezviitwa ihurumende dzemuno, masangano akazvimirira nevanhu vamwe nevamwe; asi kuvhiya transactional masisitimu ehutongi hwenyika.
• Kushandiswa kwe dawati rine nhoroondo yehutungamiri uye geometric data, yakarongedzwa zvese mukuchengetedza zvinyorwa zvinyorwa uye mune yepakati vhezheni. Izvi hazvireve kungoita kutsvagisa nzvimbo kana kuronga zvirongwa, asi zvakare kuenzanisira chabviswa chayo nechinangwa chekuti chishande pazvivakwa uye zvine chekuita neshanduro yazvino.
• Kushandiswa kwe akajairwa data modhi zvisinei nemapuratifomu etekinoroji, achitora zviyero zvinokamhanyisa maitiro ehupamhidziro kubva kwazviri izvo muviri wepanyama nemaitiro zvinobva; zvisinei nekuti mapuratiki kana emahara software inoshandiswa.
• Model-yakatungamirwa dhizaini, inozivikanwa muChirungu se MDA (Model inotungamirwa yezvivakwa). Kwete chinhu chakareruka, nekuda kwekurumidziro yehunhu hwevanhu kufudza dhata uye njodzi yekufa munguva isina kukundwa kwekutanga izvo zvinoruramisa mutengo wekuchinja mafungiro.
• Kubatanidzwa kwekodzero dzepasi, kushandiswa kwepasi uye kuronga kwenzvimbo, kwakareruka muhukama Chinhu-Chinyorwa-Chinyorwa, asi yakatambanudzirwa kuchirongwa chinotibvumira kuona hukama hwekodzero kupfuura izvo zvinotsanangurwa nemutemo zvakaringana uye zvinogona kunge zvichishandiswa kune chinobatika uye chisingapindike chivakwa.
• Maonero eCadastre kubva pakuona kwe kutenderera kwehupenyu, nechisungo chekufunga nezve 3D, iyo kunyangwe hazvo isiri yechimbichimbi yekuona nekuda kwekutadza kupedzisa kufukidzwa kwe2D, inofanirwa kuverengerwa kunyangwe padanho rekutungamira nekuda kwekurumidziro yemaguta yezvivakwa zvakatwasuka uye kuda kwekugadzirira 4D, kwete chete kubva a BIM Optics asi nekuti hukama munguva ingori hunotora automation chete.
• Iko kutungamira kwakananga kuve nyore uye nyore kushandisa, iyo inoreva kufumura kurudziro yeWorld Bank chikumbiro kupedzisa nyika cadastre munguva pfupi uchishandisa nzvimbo yekumisikidza seyakakurumidza asi yakabatanidzwa kune rejisitiriti yezvivakwa, ichipa humbowo hwekuti kana tave nenguva -uye sirivheri-. Panguva iyoyo tinogona kuona kuti pasi rese raita yakasara OpenCadastreMap maitiro.
• La multidisciplinary kubatanidzwa yevanhu vakabatana nehutongi hwevhu, mumwe nemumwe achiita zvinhu zvake, muhurongwa hwake, asi achidzokorora mune modhi yekutsinhana dhata pasi pekupindirana maitiro. Ehezve, izvi zvinoreva kusaona tekinoroji semhedzisiro pachayo asi senzira yekuzadzisa chinangwa chakazivikanwa; Zvinoreva kuwedzera vatambi zvishoma nezvishoma, vachirasa kurasa vane hunyanzvi nekuda kwekusawirirana kwavo netekinoroji, asiwo kupa vechidiki simba kuti vagadzirire kutora nzira inozotora makore akati wandei.

• Colombia inonetsa neLADM

Ini ndinofunga sechiitiko chepfungwa chekushandiswa kwese, kutevedzera zvinozoitwa neColombia, kuti kutaura chokwadi hakunetsi, asi kuti nerunyararo rwezvematongerwo enyika uye kuramba vachitsvaga zvinangwa zvepamusoro zverudzi rwakachengeteka vanozokwanisa kushandisa mukana iwozvino Vanosimuka -kuti ivo vamboda kuva nedzimwe nyika- Pakati peavo vakapenya:

• Kubatanidzwa kwe mutemo weveruzhinji serekodhi inodonhedza hupfumi hwekarati uye ichishandura iyo kuve kodzero, zvirambidzo uye mabasa eese masangano eruzhinji nemapato akazvimirira.
• Kuvandudzwa kwemapurojekiti ekutyaira e mazhinji cadastre, pasi pechiono chekureruka kwe cadastral rekodhi nekupa mabasa ekugadzirisa data.
• Kubvumirana kwa Land Administration node mukati meColombian ICDE Spatial Data Infuction, semuenzaniso uyo unopfuura nekupihwa yeyakagadzika data geoportals.
• Iko kuvandudzwa kwenzira dzinorerutsa zviito zvehurumende dzenharaunda uye kuvimba kwehurongwa hwepakati, kunyanya zvine chekuita nezve cadastral kuongororwa, asiwo pachena kune nzira dzekuongorora, kurerutsa izvo “kutonhora” yekuoma uye kurongeka kwekukosha kwekuchengetedza data yakagadziridzwa.
• Kugadzikana kwe kurwa nepoligoni, yakatarisana nemamiriro ezvinhu asingadzivisike emunyika mukushandisa ESRI kunge senge geomatic vhezheni yaMwari uye kusindimara kwevanoputa ISO-19152 yekuchengetedza arch-node senge ndiyo yega nzira yekutanga kutsanangudza zvakasikwa.
• Kubatanidzwa kwe Cadastre uye Kunyoresa mune imwechete transactionional system, mairi zvinokwanisika kuona kwete chete munhu wechisikigo / wepamutemo / weveruzhinji asiwo kodzero dzakasimbiswa mune zvivakwa zvemidziyo, geometry uye zvemutemo uye zvehutongi mhosva. Iri dambudziko, kupfuura shanduko yesangano -izvo hazvikurudzirwe-, zvinoreva kuchinjika kwepfungwa muchiratidzo chepasirese chemarejista, sebasa rehurumende, kupfuura kupindira kwepamhanyisa kwemaprojeki aine chinangwa chakanaka asi nechishuwo chekupinduka muhurongwa hweveruzhinji rwekufarira nyika.
• Kuonekwa kwenyika dzese LADM platanized kune zvakasarudzika zvezvakaitwa nemaColombians kwemakore mazhinji.
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Rondedzero yezvishuwo haiperi uye mupfungwa yakanaka yechokwadi, kunyangwe utopian. Asi kunzwa kumwe cheteko kwakaitika kumunhu upi noupi makore 14 apfuura apo muperekedzi wake akamupa magwaro maviri ayo achange achinja nzira yake yokuona nayo nyika; kunyanya kana magwaro aya aive kunyorwa kweFIG Cadastre Proposal 2014 uye abstract yaChrist Lemmen "Core Cadastral Domain Model".