Shandura mifananidzo kune vector

Kwenguva yakati, kuti goho Digitizing matafura akadhindwa mepu kuti kuronda, ipapo kwakauya scanner, asi basa racho harisi chete kureva Scan mepu asi vamwe vakanga vatendeuka kupinda mufananidzo kana PDF uye vasina vector format.

Nzira yandinoenda kuratidza ndeyokushandisa Microstation Descartes, asi zvakafanana zvinogona kuitwa kune imwe purogiramu: AutoDesk Raster Design (Pasati CAD Yakatarisana), ArcScan, siyana GIS (Business Tools), ndinorangarira kuti kwenguva refu ndakaita naCorel Draw.

1. Mufananidzo

Kune zvimwe zvinhu zvinopinda mukugadzira vectoring inogoneka pasina mashoma madiki. Pakati peaya mafomati emufananidzo, png kana tiff ichapa mhedzisiro, nepo jpg isingakwanise; Kugadziriswa kwayakatumirwa kunokanganisawo, nekuti kana ikashandurwa kubva kudhinda kana kuburitsa module, yaiwanzo kuve nechikero chakabatana nehukuru hwepepa, hukuru hukuru hwepepa, resolution iri nani inogona kutarisirwa kana zvirinani zvirinani mamiriro chinyorwa chinyorwa chinyorwa.

The muenzaniso Ndichange kushandisa chinhu cadastral mepu 1: 1,000 yakanga aivigirwa kubva kudhindwa module Microstation, mumwe 24 "x36" jira tiff.

2. Georeference

Mepu yakaita seyiyo nyore kune georeference nokuti ine urongwa mumuganhu. Ndakatora pfungwa idzi uchishandisa murairo "nzvimbo nzvimbo", Ndokupinda keyin the coordinate in the form "xy = X-coordinate, Y-kuronga", Izvo zviri mavara matsvuku emufananidzo wepasi.

Ipapo ini ndadaidza chirevo chemufananidzo, ndichiisa zvishoma kunze kwemapoinzi. Ipapo ndaisa iwo mapoinzi akafanana muvara rakasiyana, kupindirana nemitsara yakasvibirira, ndichigara ndichishandisa ukobvu hwakawedzeredzwa kuti zvionekwe. Uye pakupedzisira ndichishandisa "edit, warp" kubva kuna raster maneja, ini ndaisa mana ekudzora mapoinzi sezvinoonekwa mumufananidzo. Iwe unofanirwa ikozvino kugona vectorize kuyera.

Kunyange zvazvo Microstation V8i inotsigira kudana PDF faira sezvo chifananidzo uye izvi zvinogona georeferenciarse pamwe pamusoro nzira, ari vectorization muitiro haushandi nokuti zvinoda une nyora kuwana. Zvichave zvakakodzera kuzvitakudza, uye kuzvichengeta semufananidzo (bhodhi yakarurama, save as...).

3. The vectorization

Ndiri kushandisa Microstation Descartes V8i. Kunyangwe izvi zvichishanda zvakafanana neshanduro dzakapfuura.

Shingairira Descartes zvishandiso.  Nokuda kweizvi tinoita "midziyo, raster, raster edit”Uye iyo inoratidza bhawa ine zvishandiso zvekushandisa pakugadzira mifananidzo.

Ngatitangei kuita basa reapulo re 15 kuti ritsanangure zvinyorwa chokuita:

Sarudza mask. Iyo yekutanga icon inokutendera iwe kuti ugadzire masiki, zvichibva pane zvinodiwa, mune ino kesi ini ndinoshandisa iwo mavara, zvichiratidza kuti ini ndoda kuwedzera orenji kune iyo mask. Iwe unofanirwa kuswedera padhuze nepakati pemutsara, uye sarudza bhokisi riri munzvimbo inotaridzika ruvara. Kugadzirisa iyo vara iyo iwe yaunoda kuratidza iyo mask, ita nesarudzo "ruvara mask dialog"Kwangu ini ndasarudza girini. Izvo zvakare zvinokwanisika kugadzira akawanda makanda uye chengetedza iyo yekugadziriswa mune .msk fomati

Pakarepo izvo zvinosarudzwa mumask zvinochinja kune iro rakaratidzwa ruvara (girini). Iwe unogona zvakare kuwedzera mamwe mavara kune imwechete mask, kana kuvabvisa.

Vectorize denderedzwa. Tichavaka denderedzwa dzinoonekwa mukuverengwa kwemaapuro, nekuti izvi zvinotikumbira nharaunda uye isu tinongofanirwa kubata tambo yedenderedzwa rega rega. Super yakapusa, ini ndashandisa magenta ruvara uye kukwana kwakaringana kwezvinhu zvinoonekwa. Iwe unofanirwa kudoma yakakwira mutsetse upamhi, izvi zvinoitwa nekuyera chinhambwe chinodarika upamhi hwemutsara mumufananidzo. Nezve kutonga kuri nani zvakakodzera kuti uiudze kuti ibvise iyo vectorized mufananidzo.

The Normalization.  Kuti urege kuita mamwe maziso nekuda kwe pixilated, chinowanzoitika chinopihwa. Muenzaniso uyu hauna kujairika, ona kuti mitsara inobatwa sei ne pixelation.

Vectorize miganhu neyongororo. Iye zvino ndinoda kudhirowa iyo miganhu, kana ndikagadzira masiki akapatsanurwa emiganhu yemapuro, zvaizove nedambudziko rekuti vangadai vasina kuchenesa matopiki munzvimbo dzemukati dzemuganhu. Kuti ndiite izvi ini ndinowedzera kumask iyo ruvara rweorenji uye iyo nhema nhema, ipapo ini ndinobata maveketa zvakasiyana. Chiratidzo ndechekuti dzese dzinoiswa muvara remask, zvongobatwa chete uchishandisa sarudzo "convert lines"

Zvakareruka, ndizvozvo. Ona iyo yakadzama tsananguro, kuti mapfundo akave achicherechedzwa achichengetedza mamiriro ezvematongerwo enyika mune iwo maodhi, iwo maodhi anogona kuchengetwa se .nod fomati faira. Unogona kusarudza shanduko yevara kana nhanho kana iwe uchida, ndizvo zvandakaita kupatsanura muganho webhokisi kubva kune chivakwa kunyangwe uchishanda nemask imwechete.

Shandura mashoko. Kune izvi, kune zvimwe zvishandiso zvinokutendera iwe kuti usarudze yakatwasuka, yakatenderedzwa, akawanda mavara, pakati pevamwe, nekushandisa OCR. Ipo ipapo iko kushandura mabhuroko (masero).

Zvimwe vector zvingasarudzwa. Kana kamwe mask yaiswa, mabasa anogona kuiswa anosanganisira:

4. Shandura miganhu mumwe nomumwe
5. Shandura nzvimbo yakazara yakagadzirwa muforamu
6. Shandura zvinhu zvose zvakabatana pamepu
7. Kugadzira Contour contour, inoda kuva mu-3D mbeu faira.
8. Yaka Circles
9. Chengetedza vector, izvi ndezvemaketani emutsara ane zvikamu zvakawanda kwazvo

Yakarurama. Ndayera chinhambwe kubva kumberi kwepfuma chivakwa nhamba 2, uye chakandipa 28.9611 metres, yekutanga yaive 29.00, kuivheta netsoka kwaisazoita mutsauko, asi kunonoka, netafura yekuita digitize zvaizove zvakanyanya. Mune uku kurongeka, zvinhu zvinoverengeka zvinofanirwa kutariswa, senge mhando
d we scan, kana pepa racho risina kuora, rutivi rwemepu, hutsika hwepikisi uye kunyanya georeferencing ye2 yenyaya iyi.

Massive Vectorization.

Kana iwe une mifananidzo mbiri-mavara, kana iwe urikurumidza zvinokwanisika kuita hurukuro yevectorization, kunyange zvakadaro pane izvozvi unofanirwa kufunga zvimwe zvinhu:

• Kana iyo mepu ine mitsara chete, kamwe paya yakaitwa zviyero zvese zvinogona kuitwa nenzira iri nyore.
• Kana iyo mepu ine magwaro, zvakakosha ndekushandura izvi kutanga, ipapo nemifananidzo yekuchenesa mathuluzi kubvisa zvakasara zvakasara
• Kana kushanda pakuvheneka ruvara, aine chinogamuchirwa Ongororo, sezvinoita mepu jira 1: 50,000, unogona kuita ruvara, uye kuita Masiki pamwe hunoshatisa mazita (gandiwa mitsetse, zvivako, migwagwa, afoot, etc.) kuti kurishandisa saka yunifomu kune mifananidzo yakasiyana. 
• Paunenge uine mapepa anoenderera mberi, zvinoshevedzwa kuvaidza zvose zviri zviviri, ita kuti zvigone kugadziriswa nekupindira uye kuisa mavara mavara akasiyana-siyana akasarudzwa.
• Zvinokurudzirwa kuti uite zvakare gare gare, kunyanya muzvinyorwa uye nzvimbo dzepedyo pedyo nemitsetse.