Kuguta kweguta, hurukuro ye2011

Nyaya yehuwandu hwevanhu ichave mumafashoni gore rino -uye zvinotevera- nekuti hapana zvakawanda zvekuita kugadzirisa mhinduro pasi rose. Tarisiro yegore rino yeNational Geographics ndiyo chaiyo huwandu hwenyika pasikati pekugadzirisa kusvika pamabhirioni manomwe. Magazini yaNdira ndeye yemuteresi wekare.

Lincoln Institute of Territorial Policies yakagadzira zvinyorwa zvitsva uye zvitsvakurudzo zvinowanikwa kubva kune imwezve yedzidzo yemaguta 3,000 akapfuura vagari ve2000 mugore re100,000. 

Bhuku randakafarira zvikuru nderomugumo rainzi Kuita nzvimbo yenyika yemaguta. Chirevo chinonakidza chinoongorora zvakapfuura, zviripo uye ramangwana rekukura kwemaguta pasirese. Inotsvaga paradigm nyowani yemabatiro atinofanira kugadzirira kukura kweanouya makore. 
Basa guru re Angel, Shlomo, naJason Parent, Daniel L. Civco, naAlejandro M. Blei.  Inogona kutengwa yakadhindwa yeUS $ 15 uye kurodha pasi mu pdf fomati yemahara (iwe unongoda kunyoreswa pane iro peji). Kwegore ra2012 kuburitswa kwechinyorwa chakadanwa Kuwedzera kweMaguta, iyo ichange iine chirevo chinonakidza chinofanira kusanganisira mhando dze Charter Cities, iyo inondiyeuchidza nezvemirairo ye Facebook yaCitiVilles uye kuti kune ngozi yekuumba matambudziko matsva ezvematongerwe enyika nokuti kunyange zvazvo iri chirevo chinonakidza zvikuru, vazhinji vanozviona sechimiro chitsva chekolonialism.

Chimwe chinyorwa cheLincoln Institute, nguva dzose panyaya iyi The atlas of urban expansion. Ichi chiunganidzwa chakakosha chemashoko anowanikwa kurodha pasi ane mepu mune fomati yemifananidzo, kml uye xls machira akashanda sehwaro hwekuvakwa kwe -uye vamwe- gwaro rambotaurwa. Iko kune zvakare data mune GIS fomati kuti iverengerwe kubva kuGIS chirongwa.

Izvi zvakarongwa muzvikamu zvishanu:

1. Chikamu chekutanga, pane mifananidzo ye jpg muchimiro chemaviri akadhirowewa kupurinda pamaposita. Mumwe mufananidzo une data rekuverengera uye rakajeka, mamwe mamepu ekushandisa kwenzvimbo yemaguta akavakwa nehunyanzvi hwekuona kure kure nemifananidzo yesataneti munzvimbo dzemadhorobha. 120 maguta muzvikamu zviviri: Imwe yakatorwa kwakatenderedza 1990 uye yechipiri makore gumi gare gare muna 10.

Mepu yekumusoro inoratidza nzvimbo yemaguta zana nemakumi maviri, iwo mavara matunhu sezvo chidzidzo chakakamurwa. Semuenzaniso ndinokusiyai vaviri kubva kuMadrid.

2. Chikamu chechipiri yeatlas inosanganisira kuongorora kwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwemakore 25 maguta, kuongorora mepu kubva 1800 kusvika kupera kwezana ramakore kwakangopera. Aya maguta makumi maviri nemashanu akaparadzirwa, sekuratidzwa mumepu inotevera: 25 muAmerica, 7 muEurope, 4 muAfrica, 6 muAsia uye 12 muOceania.

Mifananidzo iri pazasi muenzaniso wenyaya yenzvimbo yemaguta eMexico. Kuruboshwe idzo nzvimbo dzakafukidzwa nenzvimbo yemaguta kubva 1807 kusvika 2000, uye kurudyi pane huwandu hwevanhu, mahekita akafukidzwa, magirafu ekuwanda uye mumiriri wekare mepu.

3 Chikamu chechitatu Inosanganisira matafura muExcel ine data rese rinotsigira basa remaguta gumi nemashanu nemakumi maviri. Inoshamisa, sezvo mafirita eExcel anoita kuti zvive nyore kwatiri kuti tione iyi data zvinoenderana nezvatinofarira.

4. Chikamu chechina inosanganisira dhata kuti ionekwe muzvirongwa zveGIS. Ese ari maviri madunhu ekutonga geometri ane matanda .shp .dbf uye .shx kuona nechero chirongwa, pamwe ne .prj mafaera e georeference, .img ye raster kuratidza uye .lyr kuona iyo dura ine theming uye chimiro zvivakwa mu. ArcGIS.

5. Chikamu chechishanu Inosanganisira ruzivo rwemaguta e3,646 mune imwe Excel sheet uyewo mune kml file neyemaguta ose akadzidza, kuifungidzira nehurongwa hweGIS kana Google Earth.

Muchidimbu, chinhu chinokosha chinogona kubatsira zvikuru kuvadzidzi, vakuru vehurumende, vatsvakurudzi, varongorori uye vanhu vanobatanidzwa mune zvehupfumi nehupfumi.

Ose maatlasi negwaro zvinopa mamiriro ehungwaru uye, zvinoita sekunge kekutanga, iro dhata rezvakaitika pane zvakapfuura, zvazvino uye nezveramangwana zviyero zvemadhorobha mumaguta kutenderera pasirese. Ino vhura maonero edambudziko ratisingazive kuti tingagadzirise sei mumakumi emakore anotevera.

Nokuti ikozvino handioni kana zvichikwanisika kuitenga iyo CD kana DVD, nokuti kuregera kunofanira kuitwa mumwe nomumwe.