AutoCAD Basics - Chikamu 1

CHITSAUKO 3: UNITS AND COORDINATES

Isu tambotaura kuti neAquocad tinokwanisa kugadzira mifananidzo yemhando dzakasiyana, kubva kuzvirongwa zvekuvaka zvechivakwa chose, kusvika kumadhirowa ezvimishini zvemashini zvakangofanana nezveya wachi. Izvi zvinokonzeresa dambudziko rezvikamu zveyero izvo mumwe mudhirowa kana mumwe wacho unoda. Nepo mepu inogona kuva nemamita, kana makiromita, sezvingave zvakadaro, chidimbu chidiki chinogona kunge chiri mamirimita, kunyangwe chegumi chemamirimita. Nekudaro, isu tese tinoziva kuti kune mhando dzakasiyana dzezvikamu zvezviyero, senge masendimita nemasendimita. Kune rimwe divi, ma ints inches anokwanisa kuratidzwa mune yeema format, semuenzaniso, 3.5 ″ kunyangwe ichizogona kuonekwazve mumhando yemhando, senge 3 ½ ”. Angles kune rumwe rutivi, inogona kuratidzwa seyedenga angles (25.5 °), kana mumadhigiri maminetsi uye masekondi (25 ° 30 ′).

Zvose izvi zvinotikomberedza kuti tione mamwe magungano anotibvumira kushanda nemaunoyera ekuenzanisa uye mafomu akakodzera pamusana wega wega. Muchitsauko chinotevera tichaona kuti tingasarudza sei maitiro ezviyero zvechiyero uye yakarurama. Funga nezvenguva iyo dambudziko rezviyero pachavo muAustocad rinokurudzirwa.

3.1 Units of measure, drawing draw units

Iwo mayuniti echiyero anobatwa neAutocad anongori "mayuniti ekudhirowa". Kureva kuti kana tikadhirowa mutsara unoyera gumi, ipapo inoyera gumi ekudhirowa mayunitsi. Isu tinogona kutovadaidza kuti "Autocad units", kunyangwe ivo vasina kunzi zviri pamutemo izvozvo. Zvakawanda sei gumi zvekudhirowa zvikamu zvinomiririra muchokwadi? Izvo zviri kwauri: kana iwe uchida kudhirowa mutsara unomiririra divi remadziro emamita gumi, ipapo gumi ekudhirowa mayuniti achava 10 metres. Mutsara wechipiri we 10 ekudhirowa mayuniti uchamiririra chinhambwe chemamita maviri nehafu. Kana iwe uchizodhirowa mepu yemugwagwa uye kugadzira chikamu chemugwagwa chemazana maviri ekudhirowa zvikamu, zviri kwauri kuti iwo mazana maviri anomiririra mazana maviri emakiromita. Kana iwe uchida kufunga nezvedhirowa unit yakaenzana nemamita imwe uye wozoda kudhirowa mutsara wekiromita imwe, ipapo kureba kwemutsara kuchave 10 ekudhirowa mayunitsi.

Izvi zvino zvine 2 zvinoshandiswa kufunga: a) Unokwanisa kutora mu Autocad uchishandisa zviyero chaiyo zvechinhu chako. Chinhu chechokwadi chemamita (millimita, mamita kana makiromita) chichaenzana nechikwata chekudhira. Kunyatsotaura, tinogona kutora zvinhu zviduku zvikuru kana zvinoshamisa zvinoshamisa.

b) Autocad inogona kubata zvakananga kusvika ku-16 nzvimbo mushure mekupedzisira. Kunyange zvazvo zviri nyore kushandisa iyo simba chete kana zvichinyatsodikanwa kutora zvakanakisisa zvemakombiyuta zvidzidzo. Saka pano ndicho chechipiri chekufungisisa: kana iwe uri kuenda kuzochera chivakwa chemamita 25 kumusoro, zvino zvichava nyore kugadzira mamita akaenzana nemufananidzo. Kana kuti chivako vachava akadzama ari masendimita, unofanira kushandisa grade nemazvo 2, iyo ichava chimwe mita namashanu masendimita 1.15 richiswedera dzakabatana. Zvechokwadi, kana chivakwa ichocho, nokuda kwechimwe chikonzero chisingazivikanwi, chaidiwa mamiriyoni emashoko, ipapo 3 decimal nzvimbo dzaizodiwa kuti zvive zvakakwana. Rimwe mamita gumi nemashanu masendimita maseremita masere ichange iri 1.158 drawing draw units.

Mifananidzo yacho ingashanduka sei kana tikagadzira sevheti iyo imwe centimita yakaenzana nechikwata chimwe chekudhira? Zvakanaka, ipapo imwe mamita, masendimita gumi nemashanu, maseremita masere anenge ari 115.8 drawing draw units. Iyi kokorodzano yaizotanga kungoziva zvakajeka. Asiwo, kana tichiti munhu kiromita vakaenzana rimwe kudhirowa Unit, ipapo kure pamusoro apa aizova 0.001158 richiswedera zviyero, vachikumbira 6 grade nzvimbo zvakarurama (kunyange kubata masendimita uye millimeters saka hazvina inoshanda chaizvo).

Kubva pamusoro apa zvinotevera kuti chisarudzo chekufananidza pakati pezvikwata zvekutora uye zviyero zvekuyera zvichienderana nezvinodiwa zvekutora kwako uye kunyatsogadzirisa kwaunofanira kushanda.

Kune rumwe rutivi, dambudziko rechiyero icho mufananidzo unofanirwa kudhindwa pane imwe saizi yebepa idambudziko rakasiyana kubva pane zvataburitsa pano, sezvo dhizaini inogona "kuyerwa" kuti ikwane hukuru hwakasiyana hwe. bepa.bepa, sezvaticharatidza gare gare. Saka kutsunga kwe "mayuniti ekudhirowa" akaenzana ne "x mayunitsi ekuyera kwechinhu" haanei nechekuita nechiyero chekudhinda, dambudziko ratinozorwisa nekufamba kwenguva.

 

3.2 Absolute Cartesian coordinates

Unoyeuka here, kana kuti wakambonzwa nezvake, muzivi wechiFrench uyo muzana ramakore rechi XNUMX akati “Ndinofunga, naizvozvo ndiri”? Eya, murume uya anonzi Rene Descartes anonzi akagadzira chirango chinonzi Analytic Geometry. Asi usatye, isu hatisi kuzobatanidza masvomhu neAutocad kudhirowa, tinongozvitaura nekuti akagadzira hurongwa hwekucherechedzwa kwemapoinzi mundege inozivikanwa seCartesian ndege (kunyangwe izvi zvichitorwa kubva kune yayo. zita, rinofanira kunzi "Descartesian ndege" handiti?). Ndege yeCartesian, inoumbwa neakisi yakachinjika inonzi X axis kana abscissa axis uye axis yakatwasuka inonzi Y axis kana ordinate axis, inobvumira kutsvaga chinzvimbo chakasiyana chepoindi nepeya yemakoshero.

Mhedziso yekupindirana pakati pe X axis uye Y axis ndiyo inotangira nzvimbo, kureva kuti, nhaurirano yayo ndeye 0,0. Iko maitiro pa X axis kurudyi ndeechokwadi uye maitiro kune zvisina kusara zvisina kunaka. Iko maitiro paY axis kumusoro zvichienda kune imwe nzvimbo inobva kune yakanaka uye inoderera isina kunaka.

Ikoko kune chechitatu yexis, inopendicular ku X uye Y axes, iyo inonzi Z axis, iyo yatinoshandisa kunyanya kuratidzwa kwematatu, asi isu ticharamba tisina hanya nenguva yacho. Tichadzoka kwairi mune chikamu chinowirirana nekudhindwa mu 3D.

MuCococad tinokwanisa kuratidza chero humwe hutungamiri, kunyange avo vane hutsika hwakashata X uye Y, kunyange zvazvo kudhindwa kwacho kunowanikwa mumusoro wepamusoro wekodha, uko zvose X uye Y zviri nani.

Nokudaro, kutora mutsara wakarurama zvakakwana, zvakakwana kuratidza hurumende dzemagumo ekupedzisira emutsara. Muenzaniso kushandisa Coordonatele X = -65, Y = -50 (rechitatu quadrant) wokutanga pfungwa uye X = 70, Y = 85 (rokutanga quadrant) rechipiri pfungwa.

Sezvaunogona kuona, musi chidzitiro havasi kuratidzwa notaurwa mitsetse achimiririra X uye Y namatemo, avo isu fungidzira navo saka nokukurumidza, asi muna Autocad kana Coordonatele vaionekwa vaswedere mutsara zvakarurama.

Apo patinopinda maitiro echokwadi chaiyo X, Y mahurongwa maererano nekwakabva (0,0), saka tiri kushandisa zvizere zvikamu zveColesiesian.

Kuti uswedere mitsetse, rectangles, arcs kana mumwe chinhu muna Autocad anogona kuratidza Mhedziso Coordonatele ari zvaida pfungwa. Munyaya yemutsetse, somuenzaniso, wekutanga kwaro uye kuguma kwayo. Kana anoyeukwa muenzaniso denderedzwa, taigona kusika munhu zvakarurama achipa Mhedziso Coordonatele pakati nepakati uye ipapo kukosha redhiyo yenyu. Kwete pasina vachiti kana iwe kutaipa mashoko Coordonatele, kukosha wokutanga pasina chaakasiya dzinoenderana X akabatana uye wechipiri akabatana Y, akaparadzaniswa pedyo koma uye kubatwa zvakadaro zvinogona kuitika zvose Windows murayiro mutsetse kana mumabhokisi kushandiswa kwemasimba, sezvatakaona muchitsauko 2.

Kunyange zvakadaro, mukuita, kusarudza kwemasangano akazara kunowanzooma. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, pane dzimwe nzira kuratidza huno mu ndege yeCartesian muAustocad, zvakadai seiyo tichazoona inotevera.

3.3 Absolute polar coordinates

Mhedziso polar Coordinates vane Coordonatele chakangomuka, kureva 0,0 sezvo bhuku pfungwa, asi pachinzvimbo kuratidza X uye Y tsika pfungwa, chete daro waida kuti mavambo uye yorusvingo. Mavhiri anoverengerwa kubva ku X axis uye ne-clockwise, vertex yemakona inowirirana neyakatangira nzvimbo.

Mune iyo Command Window kana bhatani rekutora mabhokisi padhuze nekorasi, zvinoenderana nekuti urikushandisa zvine simba paramende kutora kana kwete, mhedziso polar kurongedzwa inoratidzwa sedaro <kona; semuenzaniso, 7 <135, chinhambwe chezvikamu zvinomwe, pakona ye 7 °.

Ngationei tsanangudzo iyi mumavhidhiyo kuti tinzwisise kushandiswa kwemapurisa akazara.