Chii chichava manejimendi manejimendi? - chiratidzo cheCadastre 2034

Kufungidzira kuti manejimendi anotaridzika angataridzika sei kunge muna 2034 zvinoita kunge isiri pfungwa iri nyore, kana tichiona kuti ingani shanduko dzakaitika mumakore makumi maviri apfuura. Zvisinei, kurovedza muviri kuedza kwechipiri pane zvakaitwa makore makumi maviri pamberi paCadastre 20. Kunyatsocherechedza zvirevo izvi kungave kwakarasikirwa nemumwe munhu, sangano, kana kunyangwe nyika yese.

Kufunga kuti muna 2034 iyo cadastre ichagadzirirwa uye kuvandudzwa nevagari nekuzvidira zvinonzwika zvisina kunaka. Asi ndizvo zvakarongedzwa nemifananidzo ye cartography tisati taziva OpenStreet Mepu, iri kupokana kuti cartographic institution inofanira kuvapo here kana tikashandisa sosi iyi kusimudzira kubatirana kwemepu pakati pevadzidzi uye isu tinongozvipira kuzviito zvakajairika, uye Kugadziridza kweakadzivirirwa ekutanga mabhesheni senge anoenderana terrain modhi uye anowanzo gadziridzwa setiraiti mifananidzo.

Zviratidzo zveCastastre mune ramangwana reyaka 20

Iko kushanduka kwepfungwa muCadastre kunowanzo kuve kwakaomarara, nekuti mashandisiro ayo akaomesesa kupfuura iyo cartography yeimwe zviyero. Kubatana kwaro kune zviri pamutemo, zvemari, uye zvehupfumi zvinoumba kudyidzana kwete chete maererano neruzivo asiwo maitiro. Nekudaro, sekungofanana neiyo mapepagraphy angave achifa panguva yakanakisisa yekubwinyaSezvo tekinoroji ine demokrasi uye zvinoda ruzivo rwechokwadi-nguva zvakagadzirwa, kuomarara kwekurongeka, siginecha yenyanzvi uye kuyerera kwenzira iyi zvine njodzi yekusazadzisa chinodikanwa chechinhu chisingachinjiki. Semuenzaniso, ngationgororei mangani maenisaikoropota ayo atichangotengera vana vedu vavanoshandisa kuita mabasa avo ezuva nezuva; o vadzidzi vangani vanogara mumaraibhurari echikoro kuti vapedze mabasa avo; Kunyangwe paine mibvunzo yedzidzo iyo wikipedia ine, kushandisika kwayo, kushandira pamwe pamwe nekuenderana neinjini yekutsvaga yeGoogle, iri kutumira maraibhurari akazara kumamiziyamu.

Chimwe chiitiko chekutarisa mune iyo cadastre nyaya inyaya yekuti mamiriro ezvinhu pakati penyika haana kuenzana maererano nezvinotarisirwa. Kune nyika dzeEuropean idzo dzatove ne100% kufukidzwa kwenzvimbo yavo yepasi padanho renyika uye zvakaenzana basa revashandi vehurumende, modelling mumatatu uye mana matanho ari ekurumidzira. Yakatarisana nemamiriro ezvinhu munyika dzine kufukidzwa kwe2D kuchiri kusakwana, fungidziro yakazara yechinyakare uye pamusoro pezvose uko shanduko dzezvematongerwo enyika dzinotungamira mukudzingwa kwechikwata chese nyanzvi vane ruzivo, vanogona kurasikirwa nehunyanzvi hwavo nekutora ruzivo kune dhiraivhu rakaoma uye -izvo hazvititadzisi kuseka-kuva vagovani vemoto wehofisi meya uyo pakati pezvimwe zvinotsvaga kudzima hutsinye hwehuori.

Chiono cherejista renyika makore makumi maviri mune ramangwana hachiedzesere kunge kuri kubheja kunobva pane cabal kana nzira dzinopesana nezviripo. Asi, iko kurovedza kunoenderana nepfungwa yakajairika yezviito zvakanaka zvatove kushandiswa uye maitiro enyanzvi anoona nzira dzisingadzokere shure. Asi isu hatifanire kutonga kunze kuti izvo zvakatarwa maitiro zvinogona kutungamira mukugamuchirwa kwemapfupi; sezvazviri mune dzakawanda mamiriro ezvinhu muAfrica uko vagari vakabva kubva kusaziva wired nhare kuenda kunotevera-chizvarwa nhare mbozha. Ndicho chikonzero nei mamodheru akaita saCadastre akakodzera-nokuda-chinangwa vari kubatanidzwa muhurukuro dzekuvhiringidza evhangeri panyaya iyi; nezvinodiwa zviripo zvemamiriyoni ezvivakwa zvinofanirwa kuve nemazita uye kugamuchirwa kwemugari mugomo anosarudza zita rine chiyero "zvishoma kana zvishoma zvakarurama” asi apo pane miganhu yakarongwa navavakidzani vayo; pachinzvimbo chekusava nechinhu uye kumirira mumwe wezvematongerwo enyika kuti ape chimwe chinhu chinonzwisisika zvakare.

Chirevo kune makore 20 mumaoko e-anonyengeri benzi - anogona kuita kuti aone National System of Property Management, yakavhurika kubvunzurudzwa neruzhinji, nemifungo yekodzero, ganhuriro nemitoro izvi zvisati zvaonekwa seyakajairwa; -Iko kupenga- pamwe nemutemo wekumiririra kugona uye humwe hudzvanyiriri hunokwanisa kudzima zvakajairika nzira kana zvikasavimbisa kushanda zvakanaka munguva, mutengo, kuronda nekujeka. Panguva iyo vanotsigira nzira dzakajairika vane mukana wekuita, ichave yashandura kushambadzira kwepamutemo (chitupa chetsika nerusununguko) kuita chaiyo chivakwa chekutarisa account sekuwana iko ikozvino kunopihwa nemabhangi, uye ichave iri kufunga kubuda munzira. ivo vamiririri vechiitiko kuburikidza neAli-expression hwindo rekutsvaga munguva chaiyo.

Asi Hey, paunenge anopenga kuziva avo munyika yako, I kudzokera zvakataurwa mundima yakanyorwa ichi pakutanga, kuti mashoko Cadastral 2034 iri gore zvakanga Cadastral 2014, izvo vanoda kutanga kutaura wechipiri.

Pamberi Cadastre 2014

ICadastre isiri itsva, inofananidzwa neRejista Registry, iyo yakavakirwa pamitemo yakasimbiswa kwemazana emakore pamusoro pezvinyorwa zvinyorwa zvepamutemo zvinopfuurira mutemo chaiwo, unofambiswa, wekutengeserana kana wemagariro. Iyo kubvumirana kweCadastral zvinangwa zvakasvika nguva pfupi nekushandurwa kwepadhiso yemamiriro ezvinhu kune zvinoreva nyika yevanhu: kukundwa, hondo, kutonga, kushandiswa kwemabhizimisi, makombiyuta; Uyezve, mafungu ekushanduka kwehupfumi hutemberi akaunza hutano hwehutano hwehutano nekuvandudzika kwebasa iri mukunzwa kwakauya kwatiri sezvikamu zviduku.

Iyo infographic inopfupikisa mafirimu makuru ayo eCadastre ave nawo, munguva dzakasiyana-siyana:

• Paradigm yekuongorora uye mutero uri pasi, ine pekutanga pasirese sepfuma yakagara nhaka kubva kuhutongi. Hazvishamise kuti nzira iyi yakagara kwenguva refu muLatin America, tichifunga kuti kunyangwe mushure mekusununguka kwenyika idzi kubva kuSpain, modhi yezvehupfumi yakaramba ichichinjisa hunyengeri hwakauya nekoloni. Mune infographic ichi ndicho chidimbu chekutanga chepuzzle, iyo mari cadastre seyakakosha application.
• Paradigm yemusika wemisika, nekushanduka kwenyaradzo sedudziro yepasi. Izvi zvakauya nekushandurwa kwemaindasitiri pakati pa1800 na1950. Hazhinji hwaro hwekare hwevhu hunoramba huchivakirwa paradigm yemusika wepasi, nekudaro chidimbu chakapihwa panguva iyoyo chaive chepamutemo cadastre sechibvumirano chinowirirana kune chikamu chemari.
• Paradigm yenyika yekutonga, ine chiono chenyika sosi yekushandisa. Izvi zvakauya nezviratidzo zvitsva zvekuvakazve mushure mehondo, panguva chete apo masangano mazhinji eruzhinji aive nekugadziriswa kunonakidza, kusanganisira Cadastre neRegistry. Aya aive akakosha makore eBhuku-rakavakirwa Registry, achienda kune midhiya senge microfilming, uye mune iyo Cadastre, simba rezvinhu zvepasi rose rakatsigira kuvandudzwa kwehunyanzvi hwecadastral, kunyanya nechengetedzo yenyika inofambidzana nehondo inotonhora. Nekuda kweizvozvo, hupfumi cadastre chidimbu chinogadziridza nzira dzekuongorora dzinotangira pane akareruka mamodheru muAnglo-Saxon mamiriro kune akaomarara mamodheru anoenderana neyekutsiva mutengo uye kuderera kwema curves ayo vanoramba vachipfuurira kusvikira mumazuva ano munyika dzakawanda dzeLatin America.
• Paradigm yekusimudzirwa kwakasimba, ine ivhu seyakaganhurirwa zvakajairika zviwanikwa. Izvi zvakazvarwa neruzivo rwekuchinja, pakutanga kwema80s, uko mukana wemidziyo yedhijitari yaigona kutsiva mepu uye iyo dijitari faira, tichifungidzira kubvunza uye kudyidzana nemamwe mapato anofarira mune ruzivo rwecadastral. Nenzira imwecheteyo, kufarira mubatanidzwa pakati peCadastre neRegistry kupfuura kudyidzana uye kuchinjana dhata, kurerutsa kune mugari kuburikidza nekubatanidzwa kwemaitiro.  Iyo yekupedzisira yakaitika kubva mukutsveyamisa kuti waifanira kuunganidza zvese mumashizha-mashizha makadhi "Borges” kunyangwe pfungwa dzekuisa tambo pakati peCadastre neRegistry kuti vabatanidzwe. Kunzwisisa kuti multipurpose iri mukubatanidzwa kwekutonga kwenyika kukosha kweketani uye kwete muchikamu chekutora kwave kuchirwadza kusvika nhasi; kukuvadza mugari anotarisira mabasa ari nani.

Land Registry 2014

Muchirevo chekupedzisira ichi, Cadastre 2014 akazvarwa. Pakati pemakumi mapfumbamwe, iyo International Federation yeGeometrists (FIG) yakaita imwe yemabheti avo emhando yepamusoro kumutsiridza basa rayo, ichitsigira danho rakafunga kuti Cadastre inofanira kunge iri sei mukati memakore makumi maviri anotevera. Izvi zvinotitungamira kuti tifunge zvakanakisa maitiro uye maitiro anga achishandiswa pasirese, kwenzvimbo yekutonga; pamwe nekufungidzira kwekuti iyo Cadastre inogona sei kuve muna 20.

Kubva pane izvi kwakabuda gwaro rine hwaro hwefilosofi hwekuti vazhinji nhasi vangaratidzika kunge hwakajeka, zvisinei tiri kutaura nezva1994, nguva yakatanga chirongwa ichi uye chakaburitswa muna 1998. Muna 1994 Windows 95 yaisambove vimbiso, taishandisa Windows 3.11 yemapoka, AutoCAD R13 yeiyo simulation yemahwindo anga asingade zvakanyanya pamberi peiyo tsika yerima skrini yeR12, Microstation SE pane yakasarudzika Clipper Ustation inomhanya pane inonakidza asi inodhura midziyo yeIntergraph; Mahara software yaive nerd yekunyepedzera uye iyo Internet yaishanda kubva kune anonzi maseru akadai seYahoo, Lycos, Excite neAltavista iyo yaifanirwa kuwanikwa kubva paInternet cafe kana nekurira kwemodem yakabatana nefoni yepasi.

Kuti tidzivise ngozi inorira nzira zvichiitika kubva Bhora, muviri kunofanira kuvakirwa yakanakisisa huripo tsika uye muoni nzira kupi ichishanduka ari cadastral nyaya tichitarisa pezvakaitwa, maturusi kukura uye unobatanidza vatambi chokuita ndima

I6 2014 Cadastre kuzivisa.

1. Mamiriro ezvinhu akazara enyika iyo kusanganisira mutemo wevanhu uye zviremera

Iyi nzira yakaita kuti Cadastre yakajairwa irege kuona chikamu chaicho chechokwadi, pasi pemafungiro akarerekera akadai sekunyoresa maitiro kana kuiswa pamberi penyaya dzemari. Izvi zvinoreva kuti iyo cadastre inotarisa basa rayo pa "chokwadi", nemufananidzo wekuti zvinhu zviri sei mundima, ichitsvaga kuchengetedza ruzivo rwakavandudzwa nezvemaitiro uye zvisina kurongeka. Pamusoro pezvo, iyo pfungwa yekuzara, kuitira kuti zvinhu zvepamhepo zviri pakati pemiganhu yezvivakwa, senge migwagwa, mibhedha yenzizi, mahombekombe, nezvimwe. Ivo vanogona kuenzanisirwa mune imwecheteyo logic sechivako pane inoenderera chokwadi, kudzivirira kuti mune ramangwana zvivakwa zvinoramba zvichikumbira kuyerwa kunopinda munzvimbo dzekushandiswa neveruzhinji.

Imwe chiyero chechiziviso ichi ndeyekubatanidza kweiyo isiri-pfuma data, iyo inokanganisa dura, kushandiswa, basa kana maitiro ezvivakwa. Zvinoreva kuti nzvimbo yedata data inopa masevhisi senge nzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa, nzvimbo dzine njodzi, hurongwa hwekushandisa ivhu, nezvimwewo, inosanganisira mitemo kuitira kuti hukama hwenzvimbo nezvivakwa huratidzike sekukuvadza kunoonekwa mukushambadza kuri pamutemo. panguva iyo mukuru anofanirwa kuita hunhu kana kupa rezinesi. Mune ISO-19152 chiyero, chiziviso ichi chinorerutsa hukama hwemapato anofarira pane chokwadi chenzvimbo muhukama hwechipiri hwechinyorwa RRR (Kodzero, Zvirambidzo, Mabasa) uye aya "asiri-pfuma" data anonzi nharaunda yepamutemo. zvinhu.

Just on the same mitsara, mamwe ma5 zvirevo akasimudzwa mune iro 2014 Cadastre gwaro rakasimudzirwa neFIG muna 1998. Muenzaniso we template unoratidzwa kurudyi une pfungwa yehutungamiriri-mhando faira reCadastre, ine master data manejimendi pazvinhu chaizvo zvinogona kusiyana pakati pemasangano akambotora dhata kubva pane akasiyana maonero, achivimbisa kusabatana uye kuzvimiririra kwepamutemo zvine hungwaru hwekutonga kwedata kusimbisa musimboti wepamutemo:

• Nhamba yakasiyana-siyana yenyika inowanikwa mu36 nhamba yepamusoro,
• Zvisikwa zvavo zvepanyama zvinobva kuCadastre, maitiro avo emurairo anouya kubva kuhutsika / husingazivikanwi uye kunyeverwa kwekusakanganiswa, tsika dzavo dzekusimudzira uye mapoka anofarira.
• Nyevero yemitemo inowanikwa (yakaiswa) mune zvakasiyana-siyana misangano asi iyo isina kugamuchira kusarudzwa kana kubviswa.
• Kubatana kwemashoko, kwekusiyana pakati penyama nematongerwo emitemo.

Pasi pane mugumisiro wezvinyorwa zveLADM, zvakadai se:

• Kubviswa kwemaitiro kunobva kune vateereri vakabatanidzwa mumitambo yekutengeserana uye iyo inofarira zvikonzero zvekutanga kwehutano hunoenderana kana kuti kuve pachena pachena pamberi pevagari vanofarira kuwana zvakanaka.
• Migumisiro yehukama hwemutemo (inozivikanwa nenzira yakarongeka-yakanyorwa uyewo isiri yakasikwa), pamwe nekukwanisa kuona rutivi rwetsika dzakapfuura, dzinoita sedzisingaiti asi dzinooneka dzinotaura.
• Migumisiro yemigumisiro yemiganhu yekuregererwa / mhando yemhosva.

Kana iyo data ichibva kumasystem emamishinari eCadastre, Registry, Regularization kana Special Regime Registry, munhu wese anogona kuzvipira mukugadzirisa chikonzero chavo chemamishinari uye mugari kana mushandisi wemaitiro anogona kuvimba kuti iyi data ichokwadi chekupedzisira. Kubva pane chaicho cheMutemo tebhu, kuratidzwa kwakafanana kweiyo chaiyo folio logic inogona kuve iine nemhando dzakasiyana senge liens, mogeji kana zvinongedzo kune mamwe marejista akadai seCommerce, Intellectual, Inofambiswa Security uye nenzira imwecheteyo kana chokwadi chehutongi chikabvunzwa, zvinhu zvaizoonekwa matunhu epamutemo enzvimbo anewo mapato anofarira mukukanganisa / kurambidzwa kunokonzeresa chivakwa chekufarira. Padanho remasangano ehurumende, iyi data yakazara inofanirwa kuoneka pasina zvirambidzo, kana marongero akanangana nekushanda kwekuita uye kuputswa kwemadzishe pakati pemasangano eruzhinji nevatambi vanokurumidza kuvagari senge gweta, guta, mutariri wedhorobha kana muongorori anotenderwa. Kutsanangura izvo izvi zvinogona kuve pachena kuvhura kune mugari ingori nyaya yekujeka uye purofiti marongero, nekuti izvo zviri kumusoro (Master data) zvinogona kusununguka, nevamwe vese mune yakasviba vhezheni uye yekutengera ngoro izvo zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kuburitsa chitupa chiriporiporipo ne data rakazara.

2. Hapana kuparadzaniswa pakati pemarita uye zvinyorwa

Chirevo ichi chinotonyanya kujeka, kunyangwe kune 1994 kwaive kurota, uchifunga kuti kuedza kwakanyanya kuzivikanwa kwakaona CAD yakasungirirwa neiyo hyperlink kurekodhi yeiyo nzvimbo yepasi, uye pakati peyakaipisisa iyo chimiro faira apo minda yaisakwanisa kugadzirwa vadzidzisi kune vazhinji kune hukama hwakawanda, senge mijenya nevazhinji varidzi kana varidzi vane mijenya yakawanda; nokudaro zita remuridzi rinofanira kudzokororwa mumarekodhi akawanda sezvawaizoratidzika munharaunda ... pasina kuenda muzvinyorwa zvezvakatemerwa neisina kukwana 16 mabheti.

Pasina kupokana, ichi chirevo chakaratidza nhungamiro inonakidza pane iyo geospatial theme yakashandiswa kukutonga kwevhu. Kunyange zvazvo zvakakodzera kuyeuka kuti pfungwa yekutanga yakanga iri kureva "kuparadzaniswa kusina maturo pakati pe data yeCadastre uye data yeRegistry Property" uye kwete "mepu - cadastral record".

Izvi zvinopawo huremu hwekudyidzana uye kuenzanisa kweiyo geographic data kubva kune mimwe mitemo iyo, se "mutemo territorial zvinhu" inokanganisa kushandiswa, domain kana kugara kwezvivakwa; kusvika kune yakasarudzika logic yedatabase inofumura masevhisi kune spatial data zvivakwa zvine marongero uye yekudyidzana mitemo pakati pemhando. Zvichida dingindira rinokunda mune izvi raive kukura kweOGC zviyero zvakamanikidzwa nesoftware yemahara uye nekunyunyuta kwakagamuchirwa nesoftware.

3. Kuenzanisira kuchagadzirisa mapepa emadhora

The nani chokupika ichi yenyama ISO-19152 mureza, muchitarisira nokufunga nyore ukama (RRR) pakati nemakirasi kuti kunobvumirwa panyama chokwadi (vanhu, kwakaita nzvimbo yacho), kuti modeled chokwadi (administrative chikwata spatial chikwata) uye zvitubu zvemashoko ekurekora (Chitubu).

Zvinonzwika zviri nyore kutaura, uye girafu kurudyi inoita kunge iri nyore. Kunyangwe kuunza izvo kuIO kuti zviitwe kwakaita kuti zviome kupfuura zvaitarisirwa mukutanga kudiwa. Kuedza kwekutanga kwakadaidzwa Core Cadastre Domain Model (CCDM), iyo yakazonzi LADM, yakaguma yava ISO mu2012.

Uye kana vamwe vachifunga kuti ISO inogona kunge isingakodzeri, isu vedu vakaverenga Cadastre 2014 mumakore iwayo ekutanga tinoziva kuti mutemo we semantic waidikanwa - uye uchiri kuramba uchinetsa. Kuverenga kwekutanga kwakaunza kuvhiringika kubva mumisoro yenyaya uye mazwi, kunyanya kune avo vari vanyori ve semantics uye vanosarudza kubvunza pane kuisa mamiriro nekunyora glossary. Semuenzaniso, shoko rokuti "cadastre - cadastre" harina kunzi rakashandurwa nokuti kune mamiriro ezvinhu akadai seHolland, Cadastre ndiyo Registry; pavanoiendesa kuchiyero vanoidana kuti "land administration" iyo inobva yaita seyakanaka kuSpanish se "land administration"; Tichifunga kuti izvi zvinongoonekwa pamusoro uye kwete hukama hwayo hwese, Aenor anoishandura se "Territory Administration", iyo munyika dzakawanda ishoko rakashata uye rakashata rine chekuita nehutungamiriri hwemasangano. Mimwe mienzaniso ishoko rekuti "parcel" iro kumaAnglo-Saxons ireal estate asi mumutauro weSpanish rinowanzo tsanangura zvekumaruwa uye harisanganisire kuvandudzwa sezvinoratidzwa nemakodhi evagari.

Ndizvo chaizvo izvo ISO-19152 iri kutsvaga, kumisikidza semantics ye "domain". Kunyangwe ichishaya gwaro rinoshanda iro rinosimbisa huzivi hwaro uye rinotungamira kuita kwayo; zvakapihwa kuti mhando dzeUML hadzisi nyore kutengesa kune vanoita sarudzo vanotarisira mibairo yekupedzisira kune mugari.

Pano zviri nyore kutsanangura kuti kuwirirana nekusiyana pakati LADM uye ISO-19152.

I-LADM inoberekwa kubva pane zvakaratidzwa pasi rose, nezvemaitiro uye maitiro 20 makore mune ramangwana muNyika yekutonga.  IWADM mune imwe nzira mafilosofi.

IIOO 19152 mizinga inobva kuhupenyu hwepasi pose, kuisa maitiro edzimiti yeNyika yekutonga.  IU ISO ndiyo inoshandiswa kushandisa shanduko yeLADM.

Panyaya yekutora iyi pane chikonzero chekunyora, zvinopfuura zvekutarisa kune UML mamodheru uye kugamuchirwa kwetekinoroji optics yezvinyorwa uye mharidzo pazviitiko; Zvingave zvinonakidza kuita kuyedza kwakakura pamhedzisiro yekurera, padanho rekuita, maitiro ezviitiko uye maitiro akanaka ayo anofambisa kutengeswa padanho revatangi. Nezvenyaya iyi, pane mienzaniso yakadai seHonduras, iyo yakagamuchira ingangoita iyo yose yeLADM uzivi mune yayo SURE-SINAP system, uye isina kuisanganisa mune yeruzhinji mutemo, neyakareruka chokwadi yekuvakirwa paCCDM kubvira 2005 yakabvumidza iyo kuenderera kunonakidza kunyangwe kusagadzikana kwakaitika munyika ino mumakore gumi nemashanu apfuura; kana zviitiko zvakaita seNicaragua izvo pasina kuratidza kuiswa kweyakajairwa musoro, iyo yese SIICAR inference injini zvinoreva kutorwa kweanenge chikamu chechipiri kutevedzera chiyero.

4. Iyo cadastre muzvimiro zvemuviri ichava chinhu chekare

Semhedzisiro yeiyi modelling uye kufunga zvakare kwemaitiro epanyama, zvirevo zvinomuka zvinokanganisa zvinhu senge cadastral nomenclature. Munguva dzekare, makiyi ekadadral aive akateedzana anosvika makumi matatu manhamba, uko masisitimu enzvimbo uye hunhu hwehutongi zvaisanganiswa; nepo yaive yerudo kune vashandisi mukati meiyo institution, kune wekupedzisira mushandisi ivo vaive vakaremerwa uye vasingashandise zvishoma kana mazhinji eaya manhamba aive zero. Semuenzaniso, aya mazita emadunhurirwa aisanganisira kuti chivakwa chiri kumaruwa here; kana izvi zvakaitika kuti zvionekwe sedhorobha kuzivikanwa kwayo kwakashanduka nekuti nhamba yemubatanidzwa yakanga isina kufanana. Zvizhinji zvemafungiro aya zvakabva mukutungamira kwemafomati epanyama, sezvo tichirangarira kuti pakutanga pfungwa yemadhorobha-yekumaruwa yaibatanidzwa nemazita ekudhinda emamepu ekupedzisira, ayo enzvimbo dzine vanhu vaida zviyero 30: 1 nepo kumaruwa chikero 1,000: 1 kana 5,000: 1.

Kufunga mumafomati edhijitari kunotungamira mukutyora izvi zvirongwa, kufunga nezve izvo zvinowedzera kukosha kune mugari anoda nhamba iri nyore uye modelling uko chivakwa chinofanirwa kuramba chichichengetedza zivikanwo yayo kunyangwe ichichinja maseru nekuda kwekushandurwa kwemuganhu wepakati-wemasipareti, kunyangwe chinja mamiriro ayo asina kurongwa, kunyangwe achichinja maitiro emumaguta-ekumaruwa. Kwete kuti idzi minda hadzichadiwe, asi kana dziri mumatafura ehunhu, dzinogona kuchinjwa chero nguva pasina chinhu chinoshandura kuzivikanwa kwayo; Kunze kwekunge, chokwadi, iyo shanduko inoreva kuchinjiswa kweayo geometry.

Zvakare neizvi simuka nzira dzinoshanda dzekuziva, senge idzo dzinoshandiswa mumasystem senge mapasipoti, maitiro, mahwendefa emotokari (kupa muenzaniso). Iyo 30-manhamba manhamba angave ari erudo; taigona kuve neruvara rwemota, huwandu hwemadhoo hwainayo, huwandu hwemavhiri, chiratidzo uye pamwe kunyangwe huwandu hwenguva iyo muridzi wayo akarara paseat rekumashure; asi ndiro yacho idiki uye mashoma manhamba anogarwa; mupurisa wemumigwagwa ane ndangariro yakaipa uye ari mubishi kurangarira nhamba zviri nyore kunyangwe kana mota iri kumhanya; uyezve inofanirwa kunge isingachinjiki nenguva chero iri mota imwechete. Kubva ipapo nzira dzinomuka dzinogona kushandura nhamba zvichibva pane gumi manhamba (hwaro gumi) kuita kodhi yemubatanidzwa weaya gumi manhamba uye mavara makumi maviri nematanhatu ealfabheti (base 10);

Muenzaniso wechigadziko gumi kuita base 10 kutendeuka ndeiyi: 36 ingareva 0311000226TB555. Zvinoreva kuti nemadhigirii matanhatu chete anogona kutsigira anosvika mabhiriyoni gumi akasarudzika zvivakwa, ichichengeta saizi imwechete (matanhatu manhamba). Sezvo automation ichikwanisika kuita uku kushandurwa uye hukama maringe nenhamba dzapfuura; kune mugari, kodhi tambo ipfupi, mukati nehunhu hwekodhi inogona kuvharwa kana kungori nhamba inoteedzana padanho renyika. Kuti uone kuti izvi zvinoshanda sei, ini ndinokurudzira iyi google link.

http://www.unitconversion.org/numbers/base-10-to-base-36-conversion.html

5. Basa rakabatana pakati pemakambani ega ega uye ehurumende

Mafambiro aya ane simba guru pamhando dzekudyidzana nevehurumende nevega, kutsvaga kuendesa kumakambani akazvimirira izvo zvisiri bhizinesi rinoenderera kusangano rehurumende. Mune mamwe makore, iyo Cadastre yakaita ongororo yakakwana mumunda, ine brigades yevanhu vakabhadharwa nesangano; Nhasi zviri nyore kwazvo kuburitsa basa iri. Saizvozvo, iyo digitization uye kudhirowa kwedata kubva muzvinyorwa zvemuviri, zvichibvumira vega kuti vaite mabasa iwayo "enguva pfupi" kana kuti kana akaurayiwa zvakanaka, anongoitwa kamwe chete, kudzivirira mari mumidziyo inopera nekufamba kwenguva. .mamiriro okunze.

Nekudaro, idenho pane iyo yakawanda yekugadzirisa maererano nehuremu uye njodzi. Kuendesa kumberi-hofisi kubhangi kunoita kunge kuri nyore uye kunenge kuri kusungirwa, asi kugashira kutambirwa kweruzivo kunoda mamwe marudzi evimbiso, kwete chete maererano nechengetedzo asiwo mune zvemutemo nehutariri basa

6. Mari yekutsvaga muCadastre ichadzoka zvakare

Chinyorwa hachipe zvimwe, uye tinotarisira kuti tibate muchinyorwa chichauya. Asi zvakanyanyisa musimboti uyu zvinoenderana nenyaya yekuti kubatwa kweruzivo, kutama kubva panyama kuenda kudigital kana kuvaka kwehurongwa hukuru kunoitwa kamwe chete. Uye zvinoitwa zvakanaka. Iyo inotevera yekuvandudza mashandiro uye shanduko yayo haifanire kuda zvikwereti kubva kumasangano epasi rose, asi inofanirwa kunge iri mune matrix yekudzoreredza mari zviwanikwa zvinogadzirwa kubva mukuvandudza mune zvigadzirwa zvitsva nemasevhisi.

2034 Land Registry Zviziviso

Nokuda kwe2014 kuongororwa kwakaitwa nenzira iyo rwendo rwakanga rwuri, kufambira mberi uye zvitsva zvekutsvaga zvaizoitika mumakore anotevera e20.

Muchidzidzo ichi, tinoongorora zviitiko zvakakosha zvakakonzera ruzivo rwekushandurwa kwemashoko pamusoro pechirastre, zvakadai sedheal databases nedzimwe nzvimbo, zvigadzirwa zve geolocation zvevanhu; Saizvozvowo, zviratidzo zvakapa zvinhu zvitsva kuCadastre seZimbabwe Administration, Governance yenharaunda uye izvo zvingatarisirwa mune remangwana nekunyoresa mupfungwa.

Saka zvirevo zvitsva zvitanhatu uye mibvunzo mitanhatu inomuka. SaCadastre 6, iko kududzirwa kunoenderana nemamiriro ezvinhu zviri kutoitika. Dzimwe nyika dzakakunda mipata yekutanga dzinozotora zvimwe zvezviitiko izvi, nekuti kudzikama kwavo uye kudiwa kwavo vari kutoda chimwe chinhu mumusika wavo; izvi zvinopenya mune vamwe vanogona kuzvinunura nzira pfupi yekuungana. Vamwe, vane zvidikanwi zvakakosha, vacharamba vachiedza kuzadza chikwereti cheZiviso Zvekurejesa Munda dza6.

1. Precise mensura

Musoro wacho wakwegura, kuti Borges anounganidza kubva kune imwe nzvimbo inobva ku1658:

MuUmambo ihwohwo, Art of Cartography yakawana kukwana kwakadaro kuti mepu yePurovhinzi imwe chete yakatora guta rose, uye mapu eUmambo, sangano rose. Nokufamba kwenguva, aya maMakonkoni asina kukwanisika haana kugutsa uye Vadzidzi veCartographers vakasimudza Mepu yeImambo, iyo yakanga yakaenzana neImambo uye yakabatana nayo.

Pasina Kukanganiswa Nekudzidza kweCartography, Mitsva Inotevera yakanzwisisa kuti iyi yakanyatsoputika Mepu yakanga isingabatsiri uye kwete pasina Impiety yakaipa iyo kuwedzera kweSuva uye Winters. Mumarenje eWest West pane zvakaparadzwa Map Mipu, inogarwa nemhuka uye nevapemhi; munyika yose hapana rimwe relic yeGeographical Disciplines.

Zvagara zvichinetsa, kunyanya mumamiriro ezvinhu apo zvinokanganikwa kuti kuve nenharaunda yese ine yakadzorwa chaiyo hunhu kwakakosha kupfuura kungova nechidimbu chimwe chete chine ultra-chaiyo. Iine mikana yezvazvino yehunyanzvi, chirevo ichi chinotaura kuti uyu musoro wenyaya uchafarirwa mumakore makumi maviri anotevera; kunyanya uko kufukidzwa kwenzvimbo kwakatopfuura uye kufarira chete ndiko kugadzirisa kunyatso kwayo.

2. Zvinhu zvekutsvaga mazano kune Kodzero, Zvibvumirano uye Mabasa

Uku ndiko kushanduka kwezvaive zvataurwa kare muCadastre 2014, nemisiyano yekuti panzvimbo pekungove hukama hwepakati penzvimbo dzepamutemo dzezvinhu pazvivakwa, vanogona kunge vari zvinhu zvine mhando dzavo. Muenzaniso pamberi penguva ndeye Special Regime Registry iyo dzimwe nyika dzinotova nayo; Ndinoomerera, pamusoro pekuve hukama pakati pezvikamu, zvinotungamira mukushandiswa kwemaitiro ekunyoresa kuzvinhu izvi zvinovimbisa nhoroondo yavo, huchokwadi, munamato webato rinofarira uye chimiro panguva yekushandisa muchiyero.

Saka kuti cône kumhara kuswedera yendege kupfuure modeled akadini; imwe nzvimbo kupfuura mutemo wevanhu, asi musiyano kuti overlaps pamusoro matunhu akawanda mutemo private, ine nhoroondo ndechokuti mutemo kuti yaitoratidza muridzi ndiani urongwa anoshanda inobudirira musi ayo spatial geometry ( matatu-dimensional) uye inogona kuchinjwa chete kuburikidza nekutengesa.

3. Mano ekugadzirisa 3D

Izvi zvinopfuura pachena. Parizvino mativi matatu ave ari mumiriri, zvakanyanya alphanumeric. Izvo zvinokwanisika kusvika kune imwe furati mune yakatwasuka chivakwa uchiziva yayo kodhi kodhi, danho rezvivakwa chivakwa, iyo shongwe nhamba, danho uye nhamba yeimba.

Iko kuitika kweDhijitari Mapatya uye SmartCities kuri kutungamira kumatatu-epadiki modelling nzira pane software functionalities yeasset manejimendi (Indoors Cadastre). Zvakanaka, kupfuura izvo zvinomiririrwa, Cadastre 2034 inoti ivo vanogona kutarisirwa; zvinoreva, shandisa maRegistry matekiniki kuitira kuti yavo yekuvandudza isangove yekubata uye kudzima, asi inosanganisirwa nehupenyu hwekutenderera zviitiko; Ivo vanozvarwa, yavo geometry inotorwa, ivo vanoenzanisirwa, ivo vanouya mukushanda nemaitiro ezuva nezuva evanhu, vanochinja, uye ivo vanofa.

Iko 3D kukwanisa kugadzirisa kunosanganisira kubvumirwa kwemaitiro matsva ekutora ruzivo, kushandisa zvishandiso izvo zvino zviripo semafuta asi nemabasa ekuita kuti kujekeswa kwezvinhu zvisiri nyore nezvishamiso zvekugadzirwa kwezvinhu uye nharaunda yepamigodhi yemagariro.

4. Real-time update

Chero bedzi vatambi vanobatanidzwa mukutonga kwepasi vakabatanidzwa kuita tenzi wekutengesa zvivakwa, kuyerera kwakateerana uko kunogona kufanana hakuzo fanike. Semuenzaniso, iro bhangi rinofanirwa kukwanisa kutora chikwereti pasina notary semurevereri; Pakazara, iye mushandisi akapihwa simba pamberi pechirongwa uye iye ndiye akapinda muchibvumirano nemugari wenyika, uyo anobvumidza lien pane yake pfuma. Nekure, hurumende yechinyakare inozokwanisa kuisa mabharani uyo ari kubaya bhatani mukati achitambira kunyoreswa, kudzamara aneta nekukumbira marezinesi nekuti chigunwe chake chinorwadza, vachamuisa mumugwagwa votambidza mashandiro kwaari kune chinzvimbo chakabvumirwa mubhanga. Pfungwa imwe chete iyi inoshanda kune vamwe vatambi avo vanopindira mukutenga, senge muchengeti wedhorobha, muongorori, gweta, guta, nezvimwe. Chero bedzi vatambi vakabatanidzwa, iyo yekuvandudza ichave iri chaiyo nguva uye makwikwi anozove akanakisa masevhisi.

Uyezve, cadastre ichagadziriswa nevanhu, panguva yavanoita kutengesa.

Izvi zvinoita sekunge kupenga, asi ndizvo zvatoitika nekubhanga. Pamberi, bhangi raiburitsa kadhi (ha, semakadhi etikiti rekufamba), uye zvaidikanwa kuenda kubhangi kunobvisa mari, uyezve nemari iyoyo tenga, uye kana taive nezvakawanda taigona kuenda kunoisa kubhangi kana mugaba yemukaka pasi pemubhedha. Nhasi uno unovhura akaundi yebhangi, uye vanokupa kadhi rekubhengi uye password kuti utore paInternet; Iwe hauchabvise kubhangi, asi paATM; account yako inovandudzwa munguva chaiyo kana iwe uchiita kutenga mune chero bhizinesi, online kana kuendesa kune vechitatu mapato kubva kune yako nhare iwe uri mutekisi.

Mafambiro anonongedzera uko, kuti mushandisi anopinda muakaundi yake yeNational Property Registry, ndokuona ikoko real estate yaainayo, kana achida kuitora anogona kuzviita nebhanga zvakananga, kana achida kuitengesa anogona. ita zvakananga, kana achida kubata rezinesi rekuvaka kana mvumo yekushandisa… sezvazvinotoitika mubhangi! "Kufanana neUber", izvi hazvizomiswa nevakuru vekare vecadastre-registry, kwete kunyange masangano evanyori. Kungodiwa kwemusika; kusvika pamwero wekuti maitiro akaenzana, kuchengetedzwa uye kukwana kwemashoko kunosimbiswa; mamodheru anovhiringa mabhizinesi anozobatana nemhinduro dzevagari sechinhu chakakosha.

Panyaya iyi, pezvakaitwa kuti ikozvino anogona kushanda ariega wekuita sezvo pfuma musika (Rental uye rokutengesa) apo B2B sezvo AirBnb Mazano vari achiuraya kwakajairika muenzaniso aine nokuzviremekedza zvakarongwa yose kure pakazopera mushandisi; achifa nenzira chaihwo mumiririri, gweta anoita chibvumirano, iyo appraiser anoita kudzidza zvoupfumi okuita, kambani kuti kunovimbisa akachengeteka uye kupfuura zvose hurumende iri kunetseka kuti mutero.

Zvichaitika zvakare kuti masisitimu ekunyoresa zvivakwa achave akabatana, kune registry ye "zvinhu zviripo zvekutengesa", izvi zvinoshanda kune mamiriro ezvinhu senge inotakurika midziyo (motokari), yehungwaru pfuma, yekutengesa pfuma (makambani, migove), pasi pekuenzana. ye "markable values". Nokuda kweizvi, teknolojia seBlockChain uye chakagadzirwa njere achaita kushandisa njere zvibvumirano zviri pfungwa digital mapatya chinhu panyama chokwadi rayo nerokuti cryptocurrency, zvokuti securitization inosimbiswa mubhuku remazita apo hurumende asisiri ichifamba.

Uyezve, cadastre-registry ichavandudzwa munguva chaiyo sezvazvatoitika kune dzimwe mamiriro ehupenyu hwezuva nezuva.

Iriwo mubvunzo we "kuita munhu kukurumidza kuti Cadastral-Registration Registry inopinda kune kudiwa kukuru munyika." Saka mubvunzo: Ko Conventional Cadastre yakagadzirira kusangana nemutengo, nguva uye traceability zvinodiwa zve70% yevanhu vasina kodzero dzepfuma? Uye isu hatisi kureva kubvunzurudzwa kwenzvimbo mumakore makumi mashanu, asi munguva dzepamusoro dzemakore matanhatu; kunyange zvazvo nokuda kweizvi tinofanira kuputsa maparadigms ekuyerera kwezvino ye cadastral-registration process, tichitarisa pane izvo zvinowedzera kukosha kune Land Administration chain.

Isu tinoreva, nokudaro, kuchinhu ichi chine chekuita nechiziviso ichi kudiwa kwepasirese kunyoresa vanhu vasina chitupa chinozivikanwa nehurongwa hwepamutemo, zvivakwa zvisina kunyoreswa uye runyorwa rwekodzero dzinoshandiswa nevanhu ava nyika ino. Izvi, pasina kuverenga kuti mune izvo zvakatove zvakanyoreswa kune inotyisa yechinyakare kusarongeka. Kuwana kugadzirisa dambudziko iri mumakore makumi maviri anotevera zvinoreva kufunga zvakare nezvenzira dzinovhiringidza dzinobvumira kudzikiswa kwenguva, mutengo uye kuwanda kwevanhu.

5. Nyika yose uye isingabatsiri Cadastre

Izvozvo chete. Musika wakasimudzirwa kusimudzira, iine chinhu chepasirese chinoratidza. Uye kumarara kunogona kodhi ine manhamba makumi matatu inoshanduka pese panowanda midziyo nemakomo.

6. Simba rekugadzirisa zvakatipoteredza

Izvi zvinoreva mapikicha ezvinhu zvisingaonekwi, zvakadai sedunhu rekuchengetedzwa kwevanhu vanofarira nyika yose, nzvimbo yekorori mugungwa.

Mibvunzo yezvinotarisirwa kuita remangwana reCadastre

NaCadastre 2034, matambudziko ezvekufarira epasirese anomutswawo, mairi zvingave kuti Cadastre inopindira, uye kuti kana zvirizvo, zvinogona kuratidza mapadigms matsva ekutungamira kwemahara eruzivo akazara munzvimbo iri kuwedzera kubatana. Iyi mibvunzo ndeiyi:

1. Nyika inobata Ko Cadastre ichaita basa mukunyora kwemashoko aya here?
2. Zvokudya zvekudya Ko pachava nechido chokubatana nezvinhu zvenharaunda maitiro avo uye ukama nehupenyu hwevanhu pane kushandiswa, kuwanika uye kuwanikwa kwekodzero yekudya?
3. Kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze Ko pachava nehanya mukunyorwa kwekodzero nekunetseka kunotarisana nekushandurwa kwemamiriro ekunze?
4. Boka revanhu Cadastre. Chii chingaite uye chisingagone kuitwa mukubatana cadastre?
5. Green cadastre. Green muganho mutemo?
6. Global cadastre. Ndezvipi zvigadzirwa zvichadikanwa kune Cadastre yepasirese?

FIG 2019 - Hanoi 

Fit-for-chinangwa cadastre yakafanana neUber. Geometers inofanirwa kubatanidzwa, nekuti zvichaitika nesu kana pasina isu.