Georeferencing CAD file

Kunyangwe iri iwo musoro wekutanga wevakawanda, inowanzoonekwa mumazita ekuparadzira uye mumibvunzo yeGoogle. Hazvishamise kuti dhizaini-yakabatsirwa dhizaini yanga iri pasi peinjiniya, Architecture uye yeKuvaka nzira kwenguva yakareba, nepo nyaya ye geospatial yave nehukama hwakanangana nekuchengetedzwa kwenyika. Hatigone kukanganwa izvozvo mazuva ese zvose zvinoranga Ivo wekuita zvokuti vose AutoCAD uye Microstation zvaisanganisira georeferencing chinosidyiwa chinhu kubva ichangopfuura neshanduro (AutoCAD 2009 kuti AutoCAD 2012 y Microstation XM kuV8i).

Kunyange a dwg kana a DGN vanogona kuve ne georeferefereti inoratidzwa muzvirongwa zvavo, kana ivo vachivhurwa neGIS application isiri iyo kubva kumugadziri mumwe chete, inofunga kuti iyo faira haina nzvimbo yenzvimbo. Mune izvi, georeferensi yemafaira eCAD ichiri chishandiso mukati mechirongwa cheiyo chete mhando, ikozvino. Kana chirongwa cheGIS hachizoite zvishamiso kana iyo faira iri pane zvisinganzwisisike madhiraivha kana munzvimbo isiriyo yeCartesian.

Ngationei rini, sei uye sekare neAustCAD kunyange zvazvo yakafanana nedzimwe chirongwa cheCAD.

Chikonzero nei georeferencing muCAD ine zvakaoma

Nezvikonzero zvinobatsira, zvirongwa zvekuvaka zvinogadzirwa pasina kufunga nezve georeferencing, uye izvi zvine zvikonzero zvakasiyana:

• Isu tinoita zvirongwa tichitsvaga kuenderana nechiratidziri. Kunyangwe munyika chaimo chivakwa chiri chakatenderedzwa zvine chekuita nenzvimbo yekuchamhembe, panguva yekudhirowa isu hatifarire izvo, isu tinosarudza kutenderera chiratidzo chekuchamhembe mundege.
• Kazhinji ndege yakagadzirirwa zvinangwa dzinovaka, saka tiri kutsvaka nzira kutipa kusikwa zvikamu uye pamadziro, uyewo kuti masutu kusika Layouts yekudhinda kunoenderana ne geometry.
• Kunyange zvazvo pane nzira rokusika bhuku mugadziriro particularized, hazvina inoshanda kushanda zvishoma pfungwa dzidziso, kanenge kana richiswedera kukwira zvirongwa pasi chinyakare Manyorerwo uye kana anenge zvose chakagadzirirwa orthogonally.
• Apo patinofanira kuita mapepa epakati, tinowanzoshevedza mufananidzo, orthophoto kana mapepa ekugadzirisa, tinoshandura uye tinozvienzanisa nekuda kwenhoroondo asi munguva shomanana tinofunga kushanda kamwechete mune iyo nzvimbo.

"The functionalism kuti mapurani kwechokwadi zvinofanira kuratidzei kunyanya functionality ayo pasi maererano nemaonero anoita. The hwokugadzira functionalism havagoni kutsanangura mavakirwo."

Alvar Aalto

Mugadziri wechivako chandinoshandisa semuenzaniso

Chikonzero nei georeferencing inokosha

The klassiske nzira kuti zvirongwa zvakachinja, pakatanga Modelling anoita zvishoma nezvishoma kuchinja functionalities zvirongwa umo chinhu 3D maronda kana pamadziro vari kushanda mugumisiro.

Kunyangwe ichi chiri chiitiko, mune dzakawanda mamiriro ezvinhu zvirongwa zvinoramba zvichiitwa kubva kuchirongwa che2D. Asi isu hatifanire kukanganwa kuti izvi hazvigadzirisike, iko kudiwa kwekuita mifananidzo yekuongororwa kwenzvimbo misiyano uye iyo BIM nzira ichiwedzera kuroverwa mukati CAD applications, sezvinoonekwa muna Revit kana ArchiCAD.

Chii chinonzi georeferencing chinoreva

Kuzvienzanisa, zvimwe zvinhu zvina zvinofanirwa kuongororwa:

1. Gadza zviyero kusvika pamamita.  Kana isu tichizotumira kune system inoratidzwa seUTM, zvichave zvakafanira kuti iwo mauniti ari metres. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, ndege dzinogona kudhonzwa uchishandisa mamilimita kana kunyange masendimita echirungu sisitimu.

Izvi zvinoitwa nemurairo Units. Uye ipapo isu tinoshandura kuratidzwa kubva kuArchitectural mhando kuenda kuDesimali uye muzvikamu kubva pamasendimita kusvika kumamita. Kana tichiita shanduko tinocherekedza pabar chinzvimbo kuti mafomu ekuratidzira achinja sei, zvisinei neizvi hatina kuchinja chiyero chemufananidzo, uye kana tikayera gonhi rinofanirwa kuyera 2.30 rinoratidzika se92 rinomiririra masendimita anomiririrwa ne7. '- 7 ".

Saka iwe unofanidza kukwezva chimwe chinhu, munyaya ino yakaenzana nekushandura masendimita kusvika mamita, ingadai iri 0.0254. 

• Murairo unoitwa scale, imwe nzvimbo inotsanangurwa inosarudzwa, chikamu chikuru chakanyorwa uye ipapo pinda.

2. Fambisa iyo faira ku UTM inoratidzira.

Kune izvi, anozivikanwa enzvimbo enzvimbo anodikanwa, anogona kuwanikwa neGPS, kubva kune georeferenced orthophoto, mepu yecadastral ine chivakwa chakadhirowewa kana mune yekupedzisira Google Earth ine njodzi dzinoenderana nekujeka kwayo. Mune ino kesi, semuenzaniso zvinangwa ndiri kushandisa Google Earth:

1 point

X = 3,273,358.77

Y = 4,691,471.10

2 point

X = 3,274,451.59

Y = 4,691,510.47

Tinotora pfungwa idzi nemurairo nguva. 

• Murairo wacho waiswa nguva, zvakaitwa pinda, mutungamiri wakanyorwa muFomu 3273358.77,4691471.10 uye zvino yaitwa pinda. 

Nenzira imwechete kune imwe pfungwa. Ipapo iyo yekudhirowa iyo yatino fambisa inosarudzwa:

• Raira famba, tinonongedza panotangira iyo inoenderana nekona yemufananidzo usina kufamba, uye zvino tinonyora urongwa hwe 1; kuti tisanyorazve zvakare tinoshandisa museve wekudzorera kumusoro uye tadzorera izvo zvatave tanyora muchiito chekutanga. 

Panguva iyoyo pinda, iyo dhizaini ichaenda kunzvimbo yekufarira sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo. Tichafanirwa kushandisa rairo zoom size kuona. Kana kubva kukhibhodi z, pinda, e, pinda.

Kana tikasatarisa zvakanaka pamashoko acho, unogona kuchinja mafaira uchishandisa murairo ddptype.

3. Shandura mufananidzo

Iye zvino chinoshaikwa ndechekushandura mufananidzo kubva kurusiki rworuboshwe runoziva kuti hwakanaka.

• Zvose zvinotenderedzwa zvinosarudzwa, kuraira tenderera, the axis of rotation inoratidzirwa nekutsvaga kuruboshwe (magenta point), sarudzo inosarudzwa bhuku, tsanangurira pazvikamu zviviri zvinotsanangura vector rotation, kutanga pamagenta uye ipapo pakatsvuka.

Ichi chiito chakafanana nekushandisa mutemo wekushandura nematatu matatu eMicrostation, kunyange pano apa yakananga inotorwa sechando.

Ndezvipi zvimwe zvinoshandiswa pakugadzirisa zvinhu?

Nezvo, iyo faira haina georeferenced. Zvatakaita kuzviisa muchirongwa chekuratidzira, uko kuchamhembe kunowirirana nenharaunda yekuchamhembe nenzvimbo yayo nehurongwa hweUTM.

Nguva dzose kana uchizvidaidza kubva kuGIS kunyorera, iyo sisitimu inokumbira iyo yakafanana data iyo inoreva kufungidzira uye Datum. Kana tikasarudza kuita izvi ne chirongwa cheGIS kuburikidza netsika yekugadzirisa isu tinofanira kuyeuka kuti ichaita izvi chete pa mhando, the marongerwo richarasikirwa uye xml zvinhu kana zvadzorerwa kune dxf.

AutoCAD inounza chinhu chinonzi geographiclocation, kuti tichaona rimwe zuva, uyewo sarudzo yekugadzirisa uye kushora kwe Microstation.

4. Zvekunze mareferenzi

Kuita izvi kunogona kungova kwechinangwa chekanguva chekugadzira 3D animation, iyo inenge yakakwana kutumira chirongwa chekuvaka. Kana isu tichida kuzviita seyakajeka chiito kumabasa akazara aripo, isu tinofanirwa kufunga nezvekunongedzera kwekunze -kuti tinoshandisa kutidzivirira kushanda nemafayela makuru kwazvo kana kusanganisa vashandisi vakasiyana- asi izvo zvinoreva kupatsanurwa kwemafaira akaenzana munzvimbo yebasa. Kana tikaita izvi nefaira, izvo zvinofanirwa kugadziriswa futi.

Uyewo chokwadi chokuti pane dzimwe nguva faira imwechete inonyorwa mukati maro mhando, nokuda kwezvinangwa zvokudhinda ... pavanenge vachifunga nezve kurasikirwa kwe Layouts.

"Rimwe zuva chero kupi zvako, chero kupi zvako iwe pachako uchazviwana iwe pachako, uye izvozvo, izvo chete, zvinogona kunge zvakanyanya kufara kana zvakanyanya kuora kwamaawa ako."

Pablo Neruda

Ndinoziva, chikamu chemupositori ndechokuti, mugumo haisi chinhu chisina kukanganisa; asi nokukurumidza kana kuti gare gare tinofanira kuzviita, zvimwe kana mutengi achioneka uyo anoda kuona chimwe chinhu chakadai: