Mikana yakawanda yekushandisa yeWebhu GIS panguva ino

Nyaya yekupa maonero nhasi ndiyo Webusaiti yeGIS. Nokuda kwekuti 'uninitiated', inogona kungoshandurwa se "GIS paWebhu", asi izvi zvinorevei? Ndezvipi zvaro? Sei 'ine mikana yakawanda yekushandiswa' sezvinotaurwa muzvinyorwa zvepasita iyi?

Pane zvikonzero zvishanu zvakapiwa naEric van Rees mune yake chinyorwa, kuratidza (uye kugutsikana) kuti Webhusaiti yeGIS ikozvino kushanduka kweshoko rechikoro chekare cheGIS; uyezve, kuti kuchinja uku kunosanganisira kusiyana kwete chete mufananidzo we sei kushanda kweGIS asiwo izvo zvinotarisirwa kuti zvive nazvo kuitira kubatsiridza kushandiswa kwema geospatial teknolojia.

Zvingavawo zvakakosha kubvunza kana isu tave tsanangudzo pamusoro penyaya iyi, sezvatinofunga kuti isu tinofanira kunge tiri, tinoziva kana isu tinokwanisa kuzvirongedza isu ku intuit chii chichava ramangwana yeWebhu yeGW akadaro.

GIS iri kupfuura Cartography, pakutanga anotumira munyori, uye anotaura kuti "mepu haisisiri chinangwa chikuru chebasa racho, asi kunogona kunge iri kutanga kwekuzotevera uye kuongorora kukuru." Iyi mhedziso yemepu se "chikamu chepikicha" inoita kuti tive nekutarisa kubva pakuvandudzwa kwemapurogiramu ayo GIS ingangodaro yakashanda kushanda. Ndeapi mapurogiramu? Sezviri pachena, kubva kumasiyana nemakore akapfuura nzvimbo dzisingambofungidziri sezvatinozotarisa gare gare.

Uye ndeyekuti GIS seyakadaro, yapfuura mumakundano makuru kubva kune avo vari kunonoka 60's payakaona mwenje. Negumi rimwe nerimwe idzva shanduko iyi yakabata: yeruzivo "Kupi? ndizvo chii", Kunyatsotsanangura; kuziva zvose "Chii uye nei "yekusvika pane chimwe chinhu chinorayirwa kana chakagadziriswa nekujekesa nekururama, iyo inoisa danho rekushandisa zvachose zvishandiso zve geospatial uye pfungwa.

GIS ikozvino inoda 'kubatana'. Mune shanduko iyi yekushanduka-shanduka, munyori anotorazve zvakare, basa rimwe nerimwe rinoregererwa. Asi kurega panguva iyi nokuti anoti basa pakombiyuta GIS 'akwegura,' chaidiwa kana munhu "cartographer akangwara 'kana' muongorori GIS '. Izvi atova anotipa vanhuwo rakakoshwa kukurukura raitevera romukova kupindura pakubata kuongorora uye GIS mabasa. Zvingava zvinonakidza pano kuti uzvibvunze (kungofanana nezvakaitika) iyo yemakumi emakore ekushanduka kweGIS isu tiri kushanda mune imwe neimwe yenyika dzedu... Zviri nani kuti ndisiye pano nokuti tinotsauka kubva pamusoro mukuru.

Van Rees anoti "nhasi, vashandi veGIS vanoda kushamwaridzana nevamwe vashandisi veGIS pavanenge vachitarisira panguva imwe chete ye mapurojekiti emapuraneti ". Pano tinosimbisa shoko rokuti 'simultaneity'. Iko rudzi rwe "multi-tasking" purojekiti yepamusoro umo pasina munhu mumwe chete asina anogona (cherechedza zvinoreva) kuita basa rakakwana zvakakwana. Izvi zvinonzwisisika. Zvichida nokuti miganhu yekushandiswa kweGIS yakawanda yakakurudzirwa, ruzivo rukuru runodiwa mune zvidzidzo zvakasiyana. Munyori anosimbisa kuti: "Izvi zvinoratidza kuti teknolojia yeGIS iri kushandiswa kwebhizimisi zvishoma nezvishoma (zvishoma pane niche, kana tichizvishandura sezvazviri)."

Ikozvino GIS inotarisa munharaunda. Ichi chirevo chitsva chinopindirana nezvakave zvataurwa kare. Referensi yakaitwa kune imwe nzvimbo yechiratidziro umo zvinyorwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvinoshandiswa uye uyewo zvemamiriro ezvinhu matsva umo zviitiko zvinogadziriswa umo zvishandiso zvitsva uye pfungwa dzinogadziriswa. Zvakanaka, vangani? Munyori anotiudza kuti "nehutano hwezve geospatial huripo, ndizvo hazvigoneki dzidza zvese zviripo zviri mumusika "uye inopa zano rokuti," zviri nani kunyanya uye kuisa pfungwa mune imwe sarudzo kana shanduro uye kwikwidza munharaunda inomiririra. "

Izvi zvakaenzana zvine musoro. Tisingazive kuti ruzivo rwacho rwunogara ruchivandudzwa, kuti izvo zvatinoziva nhasi zvichave zvoda-kutoshaya basa munguva pfupi, kutaura zvazviri, kunze kwechinyakare. Iyi ndiyo yekusingaperi 'yekuvandudza' iyo yega yega nyanzvi inofanirwa kutora seyakaoma kuenderera 'mune basa'. Ruzivo rwuri paInternet uye tinoda nguva uye pamwe mauroni inodikanwa kuvhara zvose. Ichokwadi ndechekuti hatigone. Ndokusaka tichitaura kubatanidzwa kweGitHub, GeoNet, GIS StackExchange uye mamwe mashandisi akadai ArcGIS Hub, iyo yatiri kutaura nezvayo tichiona kuti munyori anoreva zvinopfuura zvese zvigadzirwa zveESRI ... Zvakanaka, kufungidzira parutivi, tinobvumirana nemafungiro ake.

Purogiramu uye GIS zvino hazviparadzanisi. Tinouya kune imwe ye 'core' postulates yekuongorora. Zvichida taifanirwa kushandisa shanduro chaiyo 'huta'(isu tatoenda kwatiri kuenda, handiti?). Kunyangwe Van Rees achitaura kuti, "mitauro yekuronga haina kuitirwa kutsiva asi kuti iwedzere tekinoroji tekinoroji", zviri pachena kuti paisazove neimwe nzira yekukwakuka kubva 'mepu - geospatial ongororo' kuenda kuWeb Service iriko pasina 'gokora' pakati. Uye anotanga kutaura nezve ArcPy, zvadaro nezve iyo API nyowani yeArcGIS, achitaura pakupasa iyo SciPy Stack… Raibhurari nemapakeji akavakirwa paPython! (Pitoneros ... Present!) Uye cherekedza kuti isu tatozvitaura kuisa pfungwa pamusana pekudzidza muPython.

Asi, ngatirege kukanganwa, tinoda kuratidza uye kugovera ruzivo rwedu. Zvadaro zvinoonekwa Jupiter Notebooks uye mutariri wepakiti Anaconda kunatsiridza mafashoni ekushandira pamwe.

Asi mugadziri wewebhu angashandisa sei tekinoroji yeGIS nenzira inonzwisisika kwaari? Mhinduro: kuburikidza neWebhu APIs uye mitauro yekuronga. Saka nharaunda yeGIS yatora JavaScript, Python naR. Ngatirambei takatarisa ipapo, uye tirambe tichifunga kuti ndedzipi nharaunda dzatinofanira kusvika.

Desktop GIS yakave chikamu cheWebhu GIS. Kutanga zvinofambidzana Google Maps 2005 gore uye kunyange Google, sezvo munyori zvinoratidza, pfungwa zvakawanda pamusoro mutengi pamusika nounyanzvi geospatial, vanonzi "GIS indasitiri" aigona kudzidza zvidzidzo zvinokosha kubva basa Google.

Zvino, isu anotaura pachavo se "GIS indasitiri" kana "geospatial indasitiri"?, Akarurama kutaura kuti chero munda / nzvimbo vachishandisa spatial ruzivo uye mepu, ndiyo chikamu geospatial indasitiri?

Hongu, zvirokwazvo. Tiri kutaura ipapo nezvemotokari, mabhasikoro akasunganidzwa, maUAV, akawedzera chokwadi, ndiko kuti, ese matekinoroji ane nzvimbo yedata uye mepu, zvese zvemukati uye zvakajairwa, seimwe yeakanyanya mareti edatha. Chinhu chinonakidza uye chinoratidza.

Chii chakadzidzwa? It chakazivikanwa kuti raigona revatema ruzivo kubvumira geospatial Michina ichishanduka. Zvakananga kushandisa Mobiles, zvirongwa gore, kuongorora mashoko makuru, kuti 'mashoko sayenzi' uye mabhizimisi ungwaru, zvichiguma zvose mugore kwezvivako kuti kwakabatana zvakabatanidzwa kuti raishandiswawo GIS panzvimbo yedunhu. Zvanzi muenzaniso muvambi, unogona kuwana zvinoumba GIS mugore kuburikidza Utava Browser, uye kuita geospatial pachisara uchishandisa Python.

Kuongorora uku kunongova kutanga kweimwe hurukuro. Mune iyo inkwell mune iyo GIS iri mugore, asi kunyanya iyo WebGIS mune ramangwana. Iro ramangwana 'rakangwara' uko WebGIS yakanyanyobatanidzwa muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva mune iro ramangwana re 'maguta akangwara' ayo vazhinji vatofungidzira uye kwatinofanira kunge takagadzirira kutora chikamu.

https://www.spar3d.com/blogs/all-over-the-map/many-faces-todays-web-gis/