Yakarurama chinangwa-inoenderana cadastre - maitiro, synergy, hunyanzvi, kana zvisina maturo?

Ikoko neC2009 ndakanyatsojekesa kushandiswa kwei kushanduka kwe cadastre ane Municipality, izvo ayo dzinongoitika pfungwa kunoburitsa mberi pakati zvikonzero primitively adopts kuti rekisteröidy kuti mutero zvinangwa, uye sei kuti vanoda kuti kusanganisa data, vatambi uye ruzivo anotungamirira chechinyorwa kusangana.

Muna 2014, Cadastre 2034 yakataura kuti kushanduka kwechiono chechinyorwa che "Cadastre", umo kuva nehuwandu hwehuwandu hwemanisipala, nharaunda kana nyika, inonyanya kukosha pane kuva nemazvo, tichifunga kuti data ichave yakakwana zvishoma nezvishoma. . Chimwe chinhu chakafanana nemaitiro angu emakore iwayo, mune yatakadaidza kuti "contextual management" tichitora mukana we "geomatic management".

Fit for purpose: Trend?

Mumwe girafu hunobviswa rangu rokupedzisira nzira Land Management muna CIAF of Colombia, uye rinoratidza kuti ramangwana Cadastre 2034 wakamutsa kutora chikamu kwe vanoshandisa mu updating mashoko panguva chaiyo uye pakusanganisirawo mashoko zvakarurama kugadziridzwa kune chinangwa

Uye ndezvekuti Colombia ichava mutyairi wekudzidzira kuderedzwa kwataigona kuedza iyo inonzi "yakakodzera nokuda kwechinangwa" Cadastre, nekuodzwa mwoyo kwezvakaitwa muAfrica uye iyo inoratidzika sechinonyangadza mumamiriro ezvinhu apo nzira, iyo chaiyo uye maitiro ave akakosha kupfuura mushandisi pachake.

Tichaonawo kuodzwa mwoyo kwekuita "iprecise cadastre" munzvimbo iyo yatova zita; izvo zvichave zvinopfuura kunakidza.

En GIM International yakabudiswa chinyorwa chinonakidza kwazvo maererano neCadastre "yakagadziridzwa kumamiriro ezvinhu". Sekupenga sezvazvingaite sekufunga, bvunzo dzemunda dzakaitwa muKenya dzakasanganisira zvinhu zvisina kuungana pasi pemamiriro akafanana zvisati zvaitika: Zvibvumirano zveHurumende, Tekinoroji uye Nharaunda.
Nepo chiri chokwadi, mumashoko vanyori aro, muedzo wokutanga ichi rave 'kudzidza ruzivo' kubva zvinofanira 'zvikuru dzoga miedzo kuratidza scalability nzira iyi yakaitwa', zvinoratidzika kuti danho rokutanga iri nenzira yekuti 'sei' mabasa akafanana anogona kuitwa nenzira yakakosha uye yakanyatsogadziriswa. Muenzaniso unogona kunge uchitaura zvakare, uine kukwana kune imwe neimwe mamiriro acho ezvinhu akajeka.
Nenguva isipi inouya mupfungwa dzedu munharaunda yeLatin America nechinetso chayo chikuru. Pane vari munharaunda zvizvarwa kurwira kuzivikanwa munyika amadzitateguru avo, misha vomunharaunda dzikambouya nyika dzomumaguta (inonzi 'kurongwa') kana muridzi kusawirirana pakati dzimwe nyaya uye, pasinei generating dzese matanho, zvose rinoratidzika kuratidza kuti kufambira mberi kunoitika zvishoma nezvishoma uye kusindimara kwezvakarurama kunomirira kuisa pfungwa pamaguta emaguta.

Sezvo shamwari yangu yePeruvia Nan anoti,Chaizvo, isu tose tinotaura nyaya imwechete kakawanda'. Kwete nekuti tiri nyanzvi, asi nekuti zvinhu izvi zvinoteerera zvakapusa kufunga. Izvo zvinoda kuziva kuti mumwe wevanyori vechinyorwa ari Christian Lemmen, yegore iroro ra2009 ndakanyora chinyorwa ichocho "iyo data mu cadastre", tichireva izvo zvanga zvichitibatsira muHonduras kubvira 2003 mune inonzi "Core Cadastre Domain Model", chirevo chezvatinoziva nhasi se "Land Administration Domain Model". Kunyange zvazvo iyo shanduro inonzi Lemmen CCDM yakagadziridzwa payakabuda se ISO 19152, iyo iri nyore haina kuchinja, sezvo nhamba huru nhatu dzemuenzaniso dzakakurukurwa.

The LADM mureza inopa bonanzas kuti arege kunge chakashandisirwa chinangwa ichi, zvisinei, ivo varipo akamutsa nyaya dzakadai chokwadi kuti rangano kuonekwa se muenzaniso (kwete mepu) vanogona kumutsirwa kuburikidza asiri chaiwo nzira uye kuti zvive zvakakwana pakufamba kwenguva kuburikidza nekudzora kwezviito izvo zvinotsanangura unhu hwazvo, kunyatsoenderana uye zvakakosha.

Fit for purpose: Synergy?

Ndisati ndapfuurira kuve muchidimbu chiitiko muKenya, ndinoda kutaura nezvemutsara wokutanga wevanyori:

"Nzira dzakakodzera dzekutonga kwenyika muKenya dzave dzichitongwa, dzichifunga nezvekugoverwa kwenzvimbo dzemazita dzinosanganisira vose mune zvisingakwanisi, nekukurumidza uye 'zvakanaka zvakakwana' kusvika." Chinangwa chiri muchidimbu chinogona kunyorwa sekuti: 'Ipai zvivako zvepfuma, zvinosanganisira vose vanoita basa iri kuitira kuti vawane mhinduro yakavimbika uye inokwanisika nokukurumidza'. Maitiro avakaita sei akava chikonzero chekuongorora kwedu ikozvino.

Shanduro yakasarudzwa yaiva Makueni County muKenya, muedzo wakaitwa nechekuongororwa kweKenya, National Ministry of Land, Housing and Urban Development pamwe neHurumende yeNyika, Mining and Physical Planning in the County yeMakueni, kuverenga pakubatana kwakasimba nevashambadzi ve software uye hardware yakashandiswa nokuda kwechinangwa ichi.
Somunhu yokutanga inokosha tinotaura pfungwa hurumende masangano kune nhume unyanzvi (vomuKenya vaiongorora uye hwokugadzira zvokushandisa Kadaster International) chakanga kwete dzakati mhando asi akanga dzinoratidzwa asi nokunyanya kuda kuda kudzidza pamusoro kudiwa, kukosha uye zvakakosha zveprojekiti, iyo yakaratidzwa (mumashoko evanyori) mu "kukurukurirana kwakanyanya pamusoro pekutaurirana: kubatanidzwa, hutano, mari, kushanda kwenguva, kudiwa kwezvigumbuso vertex, kunyatsoenderana nekujekesa , nezvimwewo. "Vanowedzerawo kufarira kwaMutungamiriri weNyika yeNyika uye kutevedza kwakaitwa Mutariri wenyika.
Pfungwa yechipiri inokosha. Kubatanidzwa kwenharaunda yose mukusimudzira basa. Vanyori usazeza wokusimbisa: ". The Kushanda munharaunda ndiyo hwaro kubudirira" Vanowedzera kuti, sezvo cadastral kuongorora akatsvaka rubatsiro vavakidzani, vomumhuri, nezvimwewo, vakwegura takaudzwa pachine uye vagari vomunharaunda kuti "vaone kuti kuziva nekubatanidzwa kwevanhu vose"; izvo zvinoratidza kuti informational basa akazadzisa chinangwa kuitwa kunzwisiswa se "Munhu wose aigona kuongorora kwacho mumunda." Uyezve, mashoko dzakaunganidza mashoko raiparadzirwa kuti GIS kwezvakatipoteredza inobva gore, munhu aigona kutevera muitiro , kuumba mararamiro e'kuita kure '.

Zvakava zvakafanira kuwana muchidimbu hukama pakati pevanhu nenyika, zvese zviri pamutemo uye zvisina kurongwa pfuma, kusanganisira pano zvese kuva nekugara kwevhu. Zvichemo nekunetsana kwaifanirawo kuratidzwa, sezvo zvaive zvakakosha kuti zviremera zviwane tarisiro yemayuniti emuchadenga akapokana kana miganhu. Iyi "mepu yekupokana" ndiyo yekutanga kutsigira nzira dzekugadzirisa gakava. Kugara uchifunga nezve chizvarwa chenyika nzira yemhando inogona kutsigirwa nenharaunda yekuongorora.
Panyaya yemakakatanwa, avo vanobatanidzwa vanofanira 'kubvumirana' zvose munzvimbo inopikisana uye munzvimbo yavo. Kubva panguva yekugadziriswa kwebasa kunowanikwa kune mapurogoni akaberekwa, ivo 'mapped' kuitira kuti zviremera zvinokwanisika zvigone kuziva nzvimbo chaiyo uye rudzi rwemakakatanwa aripo.

Kuongorora kwevanhu pamwe chete nemimwe nzira inowanzoitwa (inowanzoitwa kumatare emunharaunda) inowanzoitwa nemisangano yemumusha pamwe chete nevanhu vatatu vanovimba. Iko, nharaunda dzemunharaunda dzinoungana kuti dzione dhesi rose inounganidzwa pamepu, kurukura uye kuyananidza zvawanikwa. Panguva yekuedzwa kwebindu, data yakapiwa yakasimbiswa zvinonzwika nenharaunda.

Fit for purpose: Technique?

Inyanzvi inoshandiswa

Izvo zvisikwa zvakasikwa zvakabva pane shanduro ye ESRI yekugadzira deta yekuunganidza. Izvi zvaishandiswa pamwe chete neTurmble sub-metric GPS device, iyo yakashandisa hutano hweBluetooth. Idzi dzaive dzakanaka chaizvo munzvimbo yose ine makomo nekuda kwekuderedza kuyerwa. Imwe GPS inogadziridza inoda mutsara kugadzirisa kukanganisa kwemamiriro emagetsi eGPS uye kutenderera kwema-meter kwakakwana, saka-munyaya iyi-hapana zvikwiriso zvakakosha zvaidiwa.
Nzira yekugadzirisa chinangwa yakakurudzira kushandiswa kwe "miganhu yekuona" kuona kupatsanurwa kwekodzero dzevhu. Sezvo kuine miganhu yakawanda inooneka mumaruwa eKenya, vanhu veko vakaita kuti mimwe miganhu ionekwe vachishandisa sisal plant. Nenzira iyi miganhu yese yaive nyore kuona mumunda uye pamifananidzo yesatellite. Mushure mekuonekwa mumunda, miganhu yekuona yakadhirowewa uchishandisa penzura kana ne "digital dhizaini" uchishandisa ruoko-yakabatwa GPS zvishandiso pamifananidzo.

Data management

Mushure mokunge dhaka rekuunganidza data, vaifanira kunge vakaongororwa kuti vave vakavimbika uye vakagadzirirwa kuongorora kwevanhu. Rimwe bhuku rakanga rakadikanwa kuti rive neruzivo rwepakati, kunyanya kutaura nezvekuverenga kwemareji nzvimbo dzemiganhu zvichienderana nemupiro wemuvakidzani kune rumwe rutivi rwemuganhu.

Idziro remunda

Basa romumunda rakange riri nekugadzira mufananidzo wehukama hwose pakati pevanhu uye nyika dziripo, kusanganisira yepamutemo uye yekusagadzikana wepanyika pamwe chete nematauro aripo. Vagari vomunharaunda uye varimi vakakokwa kuti vatange kuparadzanisa zviyero zvezvikwata zvavo uye vanongedzera maziso emiganhu yavo vachishandisa GPS antenna. Mumwe muongorori akanyora maonero achishandisa shanduro. Mifananidzo yakatarisa yemunharaunda yacho yakaratidzwa pane chinyorwa chefoni yefoni. Data muunganidzwa chakaitwa nenzira Integrated tsika yacho mukomberedzo mumabhatiri sechipiriso namahwindo polygon kusanganisira mhando kodzero vaiti kuti muridzi mufananidzo kana munhu akanyorera kubva uyewo pikicha kuzivikanwa muridzi kadhi kana munhu anoti chinhu ndechake chakawedzerwa. Chinhu chokutanga chakazivikanwa chaishandiswa sekiyi yekubatanidza. Kururama haana inobva geometry, asi pfungwa unobatanidza spatial uye okutarisira Data kureva muna unobatanidza vanhu polygons. Sezvo vagari vaisungirwa kupa uchapupu hwehuzivi hwavo, hurumende yaifanira kusimidzwa pasi. Izvi zvaive zvakakosha zvikuru kubudirira kweyi nzira.

Fit for purpose: Disparate?

Munda bvunzo inoitwa Makueni County akaratidza kuti munda Data muunganidzwa uye date kukurukurwa anogona kuitwa nenzira Integrated, chikamu, nokutsanya, kutengeka uye hwakavimbika. vaiongorora maviri dzakaunganidza mashoko pamusoro 40 kwokurangana iri nzvimbo maawa matanhatu munzvimbo yemakomo ezvinhu uye migumisiro vakanga vagamuchira. Zvisinei, zviri pamutemo uye masangano setup zvinoda kutarisirwa kushandisa nzira, vakawanda vatori vechikamu vakabvumirana kuti inoda yakawanda kuitira kuti munhu wose anowana zita ravo.
Mukuwana muonekedzo wezvirongwa zvinoda hukama hwakavimbika kune imwe yakarurama uye muridzi. Nokudaro, zvaifungidzirwa kuvapo kwekuisa mabheoni uye kuita zviongorori zvakajeka gare gare, panguva yekuchengetedza, iyo inogona kuitwa nevanhu vakafanana.
Inofungidzirwa kuti, panguva ino, inenge 20% yemapuranga epasi muKenya ave akaongororwa (mune imwe nzira kana imwe) uye anyoresa. Iko mari yezvino yekugovera, kuisa, kuongorora, kugovera nekunyora hurongwa hwemahekita maviri muKenya inenge mazana mashoma madhora pamapuranga. Maererano nehuwandu hwezvinodhura, zvakajeka kuti hapana kuwanikwa kwakapiwa kuti muyero we15.000.000 unofungidzirwa kuti uchiri kuiswa mubhuku rekunyora.
Nyaya dzakawanda dzakaramba dzichikurukurwa nekusimbiswa munguva yemberi. Pakati pavo ndeyekuchengetedza nekugadzirisa sei data yakabatanidzwa. Shandisa zvinyorwa zve cadastral kana log log? Imwe nyaya inobatanidza nekuchengetedzwa kwemashoko, inofanirwa kuchengetwa zvachose muchidimbu chemajeri kana inofanirwa kudhindwa ruzivo here? Imwe nzira inogona kunge iri yekusiya kopi yakaoma yemufananidzo weti satellite kuti ichengetwe nemunharaunda.

Mhedziso

Pasina mubvunzo zviri pachena kuti maitiro aya achasimudzirwa kuti akurumidze kuyerwa kwekodzero dzevaya vakadzoserwa. Synergy, isingarambike; mune iwo mubatanidzwa iwo tekinoroji uye iyo yemukati geolocation yenzanga iri kupa. Kudzidzira kunozokudziridza nzira dzinozo nyadzisa vasingatendi vechinyakare, vachishandisa FLOSSOLA-senge mafomu pamafoni nhare sekururamisa uye kusiyanisa kururamisa kunowedzera kudemokrasi. Inguva chete, kugamuchirwa kwemiyero uye kuzvininipisa mukutarisana nekugumburwa kunogona kuratidza kuti hazvisi zvisina maturo.

Ini ndinopa zano kuti ndizive zvinoitika muColombia, pamwe neve Multipurpose Cadastre vatyairi. Iko kusanganiswa kweLADM, kunokodzera chinangwa, INTERLIS uye nepfungwa dzakavhurika zvinogona kuve zvigadzirwa zve geofumada nekunhuhwirira kusazivikanwa nevanhu vekuEurope, sezvo zvavanoda maererano neivhu repasi zvakatosiyana neizvo zvemamiriro edu enyika nzira dzekuvandudza, kana sekuisa kunoita mutungamiriri: pasi-manejimendi.