Ndine LiDAR data - zvino chii?

Munzvimbo dzinonakidza nyaya yakabudiswa ichangobva naDavid Mckittrick, apo anotaura nezve zvinorehwa zvakakwana zivo nzira chokuita kushanda LIDAR GIS uye achitaura Global Mapper kutsigira chishandiso kubudiswa humboo yapihwa.

Mushure mekuverenga chinyorwa ichi, ini ndakadzora Global Mapper kuti nditambe kwechinguva, uye ndinofanira kubvuma kuti inochengetedza iko kushanda kwechombo icho chataiziva uye icho chaive chinoshanda kwazvo kugadzira mhando dzemadhijitari epasi kubva kune xyz zvinyorwa zvemafaira. Nhasi, kana kuwanikwa kweLiDAR dhata kuri kuwedzera kudhura, hazvina kuipa kutarisa izvo zvinhu zvinofanirwa kutarisirwa kana uchishanda nazvo uye kutaura zvinoita Global Mapper. Izvo zvandinomanikidza, zvakandisiya ndakashamisika nezvandanga ndichiedza; Iine chiso chakavandudzwa, chirongwa ichi chinochengeta icho chakareruka chekuvhura dhata uye kuchiratidza mune zvakatemwa mazano

Rimwe zuva, patafura yeGeofumadas, ndakaona mumaziso aDon H -mumwe wevanondipa mazano- kupenya kusingafadzi mumaziso ake pakupihwa kwakaitwa nemutengi we drone; chaive chikumbiro chekuvandudza cadastral data; Nekusuwa kukuru ndaifanira kuitora kubva mugore uye nekukuyeuchidza kuti munyika zhinji dzichiri kusimukira hapana mamiriro mashoma ekuchengetedza matekinoroji aya; kunyange zvazvo pakupedzisira takasvika pakubvumirana kwezvinobvira nenzira inoshanda. Kukanganiswa kwehunyanzvi uhu makore mashoma apfuura kwakakonzera manzwiro makuru mune mamwe masangano ehurumende muUnited States, iko zvino yave kutamirwa kune dzimwe nyika dzine mamiriro eSpanish, ayo anogona kupinda mukuda "kutasva wave" yekushandisa tekinoroji nyowani. , kutora data asi kusanyatsoziva zvekuita nayo.

Kana tikatarisa mutengo unodikanwa nekushandiswa kweLiDAR muchirongwa, tichaona kuti yakakosha, tichifunga izvo zvinosanganisa kutanga kuwanda kwemashoko kuwanda (kutaura nezve 'Point Cloud Unganidzo' zvakanyanya); kunyangwe tichiziva kuti mashandisiro ayo anotipa isu nemhedzisiro inoshanda uye nekuchengetedza kukuru kwenguva. Yakashandiswa nenzira kwayo, LiDAR dhata rinotibvumidza kuti tione pasi rose nenzira yakatosiyana nezvatakakwanisa kuburikidza nemaitiro echinyakare emepu. Iye zvino unogona kuwana chiratidzo chaicho kushandisa mafomati e3D uye iwe unogona zvakare kuyanana ne data iro idzo nzira nyowani dzekuongorora dzinogadzirwa.

Chii chinonzi LiDAR

Dhavhidhi akanyatsoti: "LiDAR data haisi chigadzirwa asi chinhu chakasvibiswa"Nezvinosimbisa chinangwa chekutanga chekutanga, mumaonero edu, kuti tinzwisise nyaya yacho. Zvechokwadi, kuwana dhiyabhorosi ndiyo mhinduro inotitendera isu, mushure mokugadziriswa kwakakwana, kuwana zvitatu zvakasiyana-siyana.

Asi, kuti zvijeke, tinofanirwa kudzokera shure uye kurangarira nezve chimiro chakakosha uye hunhu hweDiDAR dhata. LiDAR (an chirevo cheChiedza uye Range Kuonekwa) ndeye vector fomati ye3D madhi Faira rega rega kana seti yeDiDAR dhata inowanzo kuve nemamirioni, kana kunyangwe mabhirioni epakati akapatsanurwa uye akasarudzika akaparadzirwa mapoinzi. Iko kuswedera kwenzvimbo pakati pavo kunoenderana nekuti iyo data yakawanikwa sei.

Nhamba yeDDD inowanika kuvanhu yakave yakanyorwa, kunyanya kuburikidza nepamhepo yepamhepo inoshandisa shanduro yekutambisa uye yekugamuchira zvekombiki, mune sangano rekushandisa pamwe nekushandiswa kwekugadzirisa kwakarurama uye kufamba kwemagetsi. Kukosha x, y, z yakawanikwa kubva panguva yakasiyana-siyana yakaverengwa pakati pekutumirwa uye kugamuchirwa kwekuratidzwa kwemaser pulse inopiwa kune imwe neimwe pfungwa.

Ndege inobhururuka zvishoma nezvishoma ichaita gore remafu rinoparadzaniswa kupfuura rimwe riri kubhururuka nokukurumidza panzvimbo yakakwirira. Zvichienderana nejena rinoshandiswa ne ndege kana drone, uye kuti iyo data inoshandiswa sei, mamwe mavara maitiro, kufungisisa, pamwe nekuwanda kwekudzoka kwemhepo, zvinogona kushandiswa pakuona nekuongorora.

Chii chingaitwa neDiDAR data

Kuva pachena mashoko LiDAR kaviri ndokuchinja iyo kazhinji anova 3D wokuenzanisira, ipapo taura chizvarwa munhu Digital Elevation Model (DEM) kana, anoiswa / otomatiki dzokubudisa kuti Vector anoramba 3D Dérivés geometric mapatani ari chizvaro pfungwa. Zvinogonekawo, nokuchinja nomufananidzo pfungwa gore, kuwana zvinovaka ruzivo, anomirira-siyana pamusoro, kukwidziridzwa pfungwa hama pasi, kana imwe nzira ari arambe achirema pfungwa, nezvimwe zvinhu.

Kugadziridza nekutsvaga kweDDD data

Zvinonyanya kufanana kuti mafaira epa data akawanikwa anosanganisira akawanda akawanda pane zvakakosha. Nokudaro, usati washandisa nzira yekutsvaira kusvika pane gore, zvinoshandiswa kuongorora metadata yepamusoro. Nyaya yekuverengera inowanikwa ichapa ruzivo rwakakosha pamusoro pemamiriro ezvinhu egore iro richaratidza chiito chakanaka chekuita kwekutsvaga.

Kuvandudza mararamiro eDDD data

Mushure mokubvisa mapepa asina kudikanwa, danho rinotevera nderokuona nekugadzirisa zvakare nzvimbo dzenyika dzisina kutanga dzichinyorwa. Ndiko kuti, tinofanira kunatsa deta. Izvi zvakakosha zvikuru kuti zvive nehutano hwakanaka DEM.
Pano tinocherechedza kana isu tichikwanisa kuita sarudzo yakakwana yekugadziriswa uye nekugadziriswa kwakatevera kwavo. Zvose zviri zviviri, zvinoratidzika kushandiswa, zvinonyanya kukosha mumigumisiro inowanikwa.

Panguva ino Global Mapper inonyatsoita mushe. Zvirinani, padanho rekugadzirisa uye kusefa. Uye zvakadaro zvinofanirwa kutarisirwa mupfungwa kuti nekubvisa iwo mapoinzi anokonzera ruzha, pane data rakarongedzwa sepasi risingakoshe. Kubudikidza neGlobal Mapper, hazvingogone chete kuita kukwana kwakaringana kwemapoinzi ari kunze kwenzvimbo yenzvimbo yeprojekti, asiwo izvo zvisingadiwe nekuda kwehunhu hwavo, nekuti iko kunyorera kune akawanda mafirita sarudzo.
Iye zvino ngatitaurire nezvekugadziridzwa kwe data. Global Mapper inosanganisira mitambo yakawanda yakanyatsogadziriswa iyo data inotsanangurirwa nekutsvaga uye nzvimbo dzisati dzambofungidzirwa dzinoshandiswa kurega kudzivisa kukanganisa dambudziko rinogona kunge rakakosha. Nenzira iyi chiyero chechikamu chemashoko anogona kushandiswa pakusikwa kweDEM nepamusoro-soro yakawedzerwa.

Muenzaniso wandave ndashanda nedata data uye mushure mekunge dutu guru; Zvechokwadi pasina kuve newizzard, software yacho ine zvinyorwa zvinenge zvichitaurirwa mubasa rekuwana, mufananidzo, firiji, kuunza mhando itsva.

Kuburikidza nedzimwe nzira dzekutsvaga maitiro, zvivako zvivako, miti nematare zvinogona kuonekwa uye zvakarongedzwa, iyo ndiyo danho rokutanga mukugadzirisa zvinhu.

Kugadzirwa kweDynamic Elevation Model

Kuti iite 3D kuongorora nzira, munenge mamiriro ese ezvinhu, LiDAR inotaura gore ichadikanwa kuva dhiyabhorosi. Tinoshandisa nzira inonzi 'lattice' iyo iyo kukosha inosanganiswa nechinangwa chimwe nechimwe chechiremera (kazhinji kacho kukosha kwekusimudzira) inoshandiswa sechikonzero chekuita mufananidzo wakasimba we3D. Iyi mienzaniso inogona kureva nzvimbo yepanyika (inodhindwa yemadhorobha yemuenzaniso) kana nzvimbo yakakwirira pamusoro penyika, yakadai semasango emasango (a digital surface model). Kusiyana pakati pezviviri kunobva pakutsvaira uye kusarudzwa kwemashoko anoshandiswa kuunza pamusoro.

Kana tikafunga kuti vazhinji vevashandisi veLiDAR, chinangwa chikuru chizvarwa cheDTM (Digital Terrain Model), Global Mapper inopa kukwana kwakakwana kwezvinhu zvekuongorora zvinhu, kusanganisira kuverenga kwehuwandu; kudonha uye kuzadza kugadzirisa; chizvarwa chezvitsva; delineation of watersheds; uye mutsara wokuona kuongorora.

Kuchengetedzwa kweMunhu

Kugona kuburitsa yakakura kuwanikwa kwedata kubva kune denser poindi gore rinotsanangura nzira nyowani inoenda kunzira nyowani yekugadzirisa LiDAR dhata. Kuongororwa kwemapatani muchimiro chejometri chemapoinzi ari padhuze kunogona kutungamira mukujekeswa kwemamodeli akavakwa, anomiririrwa semapoligoni matatu-eupamhi; tambo dzemagetsi kana tambo dzinopfuura pamusoro pevhu, dzinomiririrwa semitsara-mativi matatu; pamwe nemapoinzi emiti, yakatorwa kubva muchiumbwa chechikamu chemapoinzi akasarudzika semusango wakakwidziridzwa. Global Mapper vector zvidzidzo zvekare zvinosanganisira kuwedzera kwechimiro chetsika iyo michina ye3D uye mapurogoni inogona kubudiswa mushure mehuwandu hwemaonero eupfumi ayo anonyatsoenderana nemugwagwa unofanirwa. Ichi chishandiso chinogona kushandiswa kugadzira yakarurama katatu-dimensional model yezvimwe zvivako zvakakoshevedzwa, zvakadai semucheto wegwagwa mumugwagwa.

Mhedziso yaDavid iri pachena. Kuve nedhata hazvisi zvese kana uchishanda neLiDAR; Kuva nechishandiso chekuzvishandisa nenzira inoshanda ndiko kunowedzera kushandiswa kweiyi tekinoroji.

Zvinonakidza kuti nguva yekupedzisira ndakaona kushandira kwaiva mu 2011, ine 11 version. Ini ndanga ndichitoita basa neLiDAR asi zvaive zvichishungurudza mukushandisa zviwanikwa, ndakamira kutarisa kubva ku 13 version uko kugona ikoko kwakavandudzika zvishoma. Iyo nyaya yekurodha pasi uye kuyedza, sezvo iyi vhezheni 18 ichiita kwandiri kunge imwe yeakanakisa akadhura software dzimwe nzira dzinoitisa zvese zvingatarisirwa kuti zvishandise LiDAR dhata.

enda kune Global Mapper