BIM - iyo isingachinjiki maitiro eCAD
Muchirevo chedu cheGo-Engineering, hachiri nhoroondo BIM term (Kuvaka Ruzivo Modelling), iyo inobvumidza zvakasiyana zvinhu chaizvo-zvehupenyu kuti zvifananidzwe, kwete chete mumifananidzo yavo yemifananidzo asi mumatanho avo ehupenyu kutenderera. Zvinoreva kuti mugwagwa, zambuko, vharafu, mugero, chivakwa, kubva pakubata kwayo inogona kuva nefaira rinozvizivisa, iyo ine dhizaini yayo, maitiro ayo ekuvaka, zvinokanganisa nharaunda, kushanda, kushandisa, kubvumirana, kugadzirisa, kugadzirisa, kukosha kwemari nekufamba kwenguva uye kunyangwe kuputswa kwayo.
Uchishandisa nzira yevaoriorist vari geofuming iyi nyaya, nzira yekumhanyisa yeBIM inosanganisirwa nekusimudzirwa kwezvakakosha zvinodiwa mukusimudzira kwayo, kugona kwezvikwata kutora nekutarisira ruzivo (nyowani uye riripo), kuitwa kwe epasi rose zviyero, iyo data zvivakwa uye kuenzanisira kweakasiyana shanduko maitiro anoenderana nekutarisirwa kwenyika. Chinetso cheBIM ndechekuti inosvika panguva iyo inosanganisira hukama hwepamoyo nePLM (Chigadzirwa Lifecycle Management), uko iyo indasitiri yekugadzira neyemasevhisi iri kutsvaga manejimendi akafanana, kunyangwe iine zviyero izvo hazvireve kuti zvinosanganisira geospatial chimiro.
A pfungwa convergence izvi nzira mbiri (BIM + PLM) ndiyo pfungwa akangwara maguta (Smart Cities), apo makambani akawanda huru vari kurambana, saka chimbi kudiwa mumaguta makuru akadai irreversibility kuti unyanzvi husingaperi hwevanhu mune sayenzi uye teknolojia yakashandiswa pakuita zvisarudzo.
Pasi apa, tinojekesa zvimwe zvinhu zvinokosha uye kufambira mberi kwakabatana neBIM uye ukama hwayo nehuwandu hwezvigadzirwa zvemichina.
Mizinga yeBIM
Bew uye Richards vanofananidzira kuchenesa nzira yeBIM muzvikamu zvina, kusanganisira Nhamba zero, sezvinowanikwa murafu. Kujekesa, kuti iyi ndiyo nzira kubva pakuona kwemaitiro, kwete kunyanya kubvumidzwa kwepasi rose, kune zvakawanda zviripo kutaura nezvazvo.
BIM Level 0 (CAD).
Izvi zvinoenderana neComputer Aided Dhizaini, inoonekwa kubva kune echinyakare optics atakaona muma80's. Kwenguva idzodzo, izvo zvakakosha zvaive zvekutora hunyanzvi hwekudhirowa hwakanga hwatoitwa mumaseti ezvehurongwa, kumatanho akavezwa. Isu tinorangarira semuenzaniso kuberekwa kweAutoCAD neMicrostation munguva dzino, kuti pasina kudzora padanho ravo hombe, hapana chavakaita kunze kweMifananidzo; mawedzero avo akadaro (Kudhirowa DWG, Dhizaini DGN). Zvichida software chete iyo yaitove ichiona kupfuura ipapo yaive ArchiCAD, iyo kubvira 1987 yakataura nezve Virtual Kuvaka, nekuzvidza kuve kwehungary kwakatangira mumakore ehondo inotonhora. Zvakare mukati meiyi nhanho inosanganisira manejimendi yeasina-georeferenced dhata kubva kune zvimwe zvinoshandiswa zvine chekuita nekutungamira kweprojekiti, semuenzaniso maBhajeti, Kuronga, manejimendi manejimendi, nezvimwe.
BIM Nhamba 1 (2D, 3D).
Izvi zvinoitika mumakore gumi apfuura, mukukura kwenzvimbo yekushanda iyo inogona kutonzi 2D. Kuvaka munzvimbo ye 3D kunotangawo, kunyange mumatanho ayo ekutanga, tinogona kuyeuka kuti kwainetesa sei kuzviita neAutoCAD R13 uye Microstation J. Paiva nekatatu-dimensional visualization yebasa, asi vakanga vachiri vectors yakagadzirwa ne arcs. , nodes, zviso uye mapoka eizvi. Panyaya yeAutoDesk, shanduro dzakaita seSoftDesk dzakabatanidzwa pfungwa dzakadai sepamhepo kubva kuAutoCAD 2014, iyo magadzirirwo emigwagwa uye kuongorora nzvimbo kwakaitwa, asi zvese zvaive kuseri kwebhokisi dema rinogadzirisa seEaglePoint yakaita zvimwe "colorful“. Microstation yakatobatanidza Triforma, Geopack uye AutoPlant pasi pemafungiro akafanana, ane engeneering-links-type spatial links pasina kubvumirana kumira.
Makore gumi ichi, pasinei kuti paiva kunyange mienzaniso uye kwezvipimo Objects pamuviri chaitwa mune chokwadi zvishoma kumanikidzwa kusangana pamwe kutwasuka negadziriso AEC yakawanikwa kubva kumapati yechitatu, kusanganisira Architecture, Construction, Geospatial Industry, Manufacturing uye Animation.
AutoDesk haina kutaura nezve BIM kudzamara kutengwa kweRevit muna 2002, asi kusanganisa mhinduro senge Civil3D inotora nguva yakareba. Panyaya yeBentley, kupinda kwechirongwa cheXFM (Extensible Feature Modeling) muMicrostation 2004 kwakakosha uye panguva yeshanduko inozivikanwa seXM, mapuratifomu echitatu-bato akaita seHeastad, RAM, STAAD, Optram, Speedikon, ProSteel, PlantWise, RM- LEAP Bridge uye HevaComp. Muna 2008 Bentley yakatanga Microstation V8i, uko iyo XFM inokura kune iyo I-modhi senge yekubatana mureza.
BIM Nhamba 2 (BIMs, 4D, 5 D)
Chinhu chakaomesesa padanho rino reBIM Chikamu chechipiri chave chiri chekumisikidza; Kunyanya sezvo makambani akazvimirira vanopfeka uta hwavo uye vachida kumanikidza vamwe kuti vashandise zvavanoda zvavo. Panyaya ye software ye geospatial field, rave rave remahara software iro raita simba rekumisikidza nedanho rekubvumirana iro Open Geospatial Consortium OGC ikozvino inomiririra. Asi mumunda weCAD-BIM, pakange pasina chirongwa cheOpenSource, zvekuti kusvika parinhasi software yemahara chete ine mukana wekukura iRibreCAD, iri padanho rekutanga chete -kana iyo isiri iyo inodzinga 0 Level. Makambani akazvimiririra akaburitsa mahara mahara, asi kuimisikidza kune BIM kwave kunonoka, muzwi revamwe nekuda kweiyo impiriistist monopoly.
Mupiro weBritish wakakosha, kuti tsika yavo yekuita dzinenge zvese kumashure, vatungamira iyo British Standard, senge BS1192: 2007 uye BS7000: 4 macode; Izvi ndezvekare kwazvo kubva pamapepa ndege kuenda kuBIM Level 1. Iyo BS8541: 2 yatove kuoneka mune yedhijitari modhi uye mune gumi gumi BS1192: 2 uye BS1192: 3.
Zvinonzwisisika kuti nei BentleySystems yakaita iyo yegore gore reMusangano musangano uye mibairo yayo muLondon, makore 2013, 2014, 2015 uye 2016; pamwe chete nekuwanikwa kwemakambani ane mapoturu akakwira evatengi veBritish -Ini ndinototsunga kufunga nezvekufamba kwemahofisi makuru eEurope kubva ku Holland kusvika kuIreland-.
Pakupedzisira, nguva dzose mugadziriro of OGC raita mberi wandei vakabvumirana kugamuchirwa mitemo zvainanga BIM, kunyanya GML, ari mberi mienzaniso yakaita InfraGML, CityGML uye UrbanGML.
Kunyangwe kuyedza kwazvino kwakawanda mumakore gumi eBIM Level 2 kuyedza kusvika kune manejimendi ehupenyu kutenderera kwemamodheru, havakwanise kutariswa seyakazara kana akaenzana, pamwe nezvikwereti zvakasarudzika ne4D uye 5D izvo zvinosanganisira iyo Programming ye Kuvaka uye Kufungidzira Kwesimba. Maitiro ekutendeuka kwekuraira anoonekwa zvese mukubatanidzwa / kuwanikwa kwemakambani uye mune yakazara maonero ekumisikidza.
BIM 3 Level (Integration, Life Cycle Management, 6D)
Nhamba yekubatanidzwa inotarisirwa muBIM Level 3, ikozvino shure kwe2020 inosanganisira zvimwe zvinhu zvinotarisirwa zvekufananidzwa maererano nemitemo: Common Data (IFC). Dual Dictionaries (IDM) uye Maitiro Anowanikwa (IFD).
Zvinotarisirwa kuti kugadziriswa kweMuviri weHupenyu huchatungamirira Internet yezvinhu (IOT), apo hazvina chete modeled pasi pamusoro, asiwo michina uye kwezvivako zviri chikamu zvivako, zvinhu zvinoshandiswa kutakurirwa (chinjwa) nhumbi mumhuri kuparadzwa, zviwanikwa, kunyanya vari kutenderera hupenyu hunoshanda kumutemo wevanhu uye wega weVatengi, Gliders, Designers uye Investors.
Panyaya yeBentley Systems, ndinorangarira ndichiona kubva pakuratidzwa kwa2013 muLondon, kusangana kwemaviri maitiro eProjekti Dudziro Cycle:
- PIM (Project Information Model) Breef - Pfungwa - Tsanangudzo - Dhizaini - Kuvaka / Komisheni - Dhirivhari / Kuvhara
- AIM (Asset Information Model) Kushanda - Shandisa
Ichi chiratidzo chinonakidza, tichifunga kuti zvinhu izvi zviri kubva kumakore gumi anotevera, asi sezvo ivo vari vemberi vanobvumidza mamiriro kuti aite. Kunyangwe paine mhinduro zhinji dzakamira, kutarisisa sevhisi yeCONNECT Edition inogadzira mamiriro eHub mukati meimwe nharaunda iyo Microstation chishandiso chekuenzanisira, ProjectWise iro manejimendi manejimendi manejimendi uye AssetWise yekushandisa manejimendi yekushandisa. , nekudaro tichivhara nguva mbiri dzakakosha, Opex neCapex yeBS1192: 3.
Zvinotarisirwawo kuti panguva ino deta ichatorwa sechirongwa chekugadzirisa, kuti inoda nzira dzekugoverwa, kushandiswa kwekushandiswa zvizere, uye zvekuti ichave iripo munguva chaiyo yemazuva uye kubatanidzwa kwevatengi.
Smart Cities ndiyo inokurudzira BIM
Dambudziko reBIM Level 3 nderekuti idzo idzo dzinodzokororazve kuburikidza nemafaira emafaira asi kuburikidza nemasevhisi kubva kuBIM-Mahabhu. Chiitiko chinonakidza cheizvozvo chichava maSmart Cities, ayo atove kushandisa kesi dzakadai seCopenhagen, Singapoore, Johannesburg kuita kuyedza kwekubatanidza e-hurumende ne g-hurumende, kana tikazvibvumira iwo mazwi. Asi zvakare chinetso chinonakidza, kuti munzvimbo iyoyo yeBIM Level 3, zviitiko zvese zvevanhu zvinoenzanisirwa. Izvi zvinoreva kuti zvinhu zvakaita sezvemari, dzidzo, hutano, uye nharaunda zvakabatanidzwa mukutenderera kwakabatana nekutungamira kwenzvimbo. Ehezve, isu hatizoone mashandiro anoita aya mumakore gumi aya, zvinotova nemubvunzo kana zvichinyatsoitika munguva yepakati, kana tichifunga kuti zvishuwo ndezvekuona kuvandudzwa kwehupenyu hwevagari venyika ino -kana zvirinani kubva kumaguta iwayo- uye kudzoreredza kwekukuvara kumamiriro epasirese epasi -izvo zvisingagari pamaguta mashoma-.
Kunyange zvazvo Smart Cities isiri kure nekona, chii chiri kuitika nekambani makambani anodzora teknolojia inozivikanwa.
HEXAGON, nekutenga kwemakambani senge Leica anogona kudzora kutora data mumunda, nekutora kweErdas + Intergraph kunogona kudzora nzvimbo yekuenzanisira, ikozvino nguva pfupi yadarika iri kuita nzira yekufungidzira neAutoDesk kudzora dhizaini, kugadzira uye kupopota. Pasina kutaura makambani ese ayo emporium anosanganisira, ayo ese akanongedzwa kuchinhu chimwe chete.
Kune rimwe divi, Bentley inodzora dhizaini, mashandiro uye kutenderera kweakawanda akasiyana Ekuvaka, Architecture, Civil uye Industrial Injiniya maindasitiri. Nekudaro, Bentley inoita kunge isingafarire kuba nzvimbo kubva kune vamwe, uye tinoona maitiro ayo anoita mubatanidzwa naTrimble uyo akatenga vangangoita vese vakwikwidzi vane chekuita nekutungamira kwemunda uye modelling, SIEMENS ine masimba akakwirira eindasitiri yekugadzira neMicrosoft iyo inotarisira kutamira kune iyo dhata yezvivakwa -kuitira kuti urege kusarirwa kunze, nokuti munzvimbo ino yechiratidzo iwe wakarasikirwa neWindows + Office yako-
Kwese kwatinozviona, makambani mahombe ari kubheja paBIM nekuda kwesimba rayo riri padyo mumatemo matatu anozofambisa mashandiro eSmart Cities: Nzira dzeKugadzira, Kugadziridza Zvivakwa uye Kugadziridza kune izvo zvitsva zvinoda zvigadzirwa / masevhisi. Chokwadi, pane hofori hombe dzakasiiwa kuti dziwirirane nemabhurosi, senge ESRI, IBM, Oracle, Amazon, Google, kutumidza mashoma atinoziva kuti anofarira avo veMaguta Maitiro.
Zviripachena kuti bhizinesi rinotevera iSmart Cities, pasi pekubatanidzwa kweBIM + PLM uko hakuzove neMicrosoft inobata 95% yemusika. Uyu muenzaniso wakanyanya kuomarara, zvinotarisirwa kuti makambani asingabheje bhizinesi iri achasiiwa achiita maCAD, Excel mapepa uye akavhara maCRM masystem. Iwo mabhizimusi ekubatanidza ndeaya asiri mukati mechinyakare hupenyu kutenderera kweArchitecture, Injiniya, Kuvaka neOperation (AECO); izvo zvinodzora zvimwe zviitiko zvemunhu ari pasi peiyo georeferenced socioeconomic nzira, senge yekugadzira, hurumende yemagetsi, rubatsiro rwemagariro, kugadzirwa kwekurima uye pamusoro pezvese manejimendi esimba nezviwanikwa.
Iyo GIS ichabatanidzwa muBIM pasi pechiratidzo cheSmart Cities. Parizvino ivo vangango sanganisa mu data capture uye modelling, asi zvinoita sekunge vachine maonero akasiyana; Semuenzaniso, kumisikidzwa kwezvivakwa haisi iro basa reGIS, asi inonyanya kuve nehunyanzvi mukuwongorora uye modelling yezvinhu zvepakati, mune fungidziro yezviitiko, mukutarisira zviwanikwa nezviwanikwa zvese zvepasi sainzi. Kana tikatarisa hupamhi hwechitanhatu (6D) kuti munguva dzemaguta akangwara, kuenzanisa, kushandisa, kudzokorodza uye kugadzira simba kuchakosha, saka panenge paine masimba anodiwa izvo zvinoitwa neGIS nehunyanzvi hukuru. Asi kana uchiongorora kugona kunogadzira mvura kwedhishi, kuti uzive kuti goho rakawanda zvakadii pa cubic mita yekongiri, pane mukaha mukuru; iyo ichazadzwa kusvika padanho rekuti mashandiro akaverengerwa seyakagovaniswa kutenderera kweaya maviri maitiro.
Mhedziso.
Pane zvimwe zvakawanda zvekutaura nezvazvo, uye ndinotarisira kuramba ndichibata pamusoro wenyaya uyu. Parizvino, Geo-Injiniya nyanzvi yasara nedambudziko rekuzvibatanidza neasinga gadziriswe uye kudzidza kubva padanho rehunyanzvi, nekuti zvichiri kusahadzika kuti iyo Roadmap yekushandisa BIM inogona kuitwa pasina kutsamira paKushanda Boka riri kutungamira. Pamusoro pazvose, nekuti BIM inofanirwa kuonekwa kubva pamaonero maviri: Imwe ndeye yezvinhu zvinofanirwa kuitwa padanho rehunyanzvi, redzidzo, rekushanda, nechinangwa chekusimudzira uyezve kubva pakuona kwehurumende, vane tarisiro pfupi-pfupi. , Kukanganwa kuti masimba avo emutemo anowanzo nonoka zvakanyanya. Pamusoro pezvo, kune avo vari mumaguta anogona kutofunga nezveMaguta eSmart, zvinokurumidza kuti kuve nekutarisisa kune vagari, kwete pane tekinoroji.
🙂 Kana chiitiko ichi chikazadzikiswa, kurota kweumwe wevapi vangu vadzidzisi, uyo anotarisira kudyara mahekita zviuru zvitatu zvesango remahogany, aine hupenyu hwakavimbiswa hunotungamirwa nekukura kwayo, zvinogona kuzadzikiswa; saka ndinogona kuenda kubhangi gore ndobva ndaisa mari pasuru yekutanga kuti ndiwane mari zvishoma nezvishoma. Mumakore makumi maviri, iwe unenge uine mamirioni cubic metres easeti iyo iwe yaunogona kugadzirisa kwete chete yako yekurega basa, asi kunyangwe yako nyika yekune chikwereti.
