Kushandiswa kwemitemo yezvepologi mumugariro weGeospatial

Mumwe 6 2014 Cadastral Mitsara, akakurira 1995, izvo nyanzvi dzakawanda International Federation of vaiongorora yakurukurwa sezvo aizova Cadastre mugore 2014, aiva "Cadastral Cartography ichave chikamu chekare. Iyo modeling".

Cartography kuraira kwekare kwazvo, uye panguva dzose kwave kuri pachiitiko chezviito zvakakosha kwazvo kumunhu, zvinoenderana nenguva: Kukunda, Hondo, Chitendero, Tsvagiridzo, Tourism, Ecology, nezvimwe. Nhasi haisi imwe nyaya kubva pane dzimwe nguva, kunyange zvigadzirwa zvekumiririra zvakasiyana zvachose; Pamberi, mepu raive rechokwadi basa rehunyanzvi nekuda kweiyo nhanho yezvidimbu uye mutengo wekudzikiswa kwayo. Izvo zviyero mune izvi nguva zvaive zvakaganhurirwa kumatunhu eanoonekwa chimiro, senge saizi yetsamba, kufananidzira kwemitsara, mapoinzi, kuzadza, pateni, nezvimwe. kunyangwe zviga zvesainzi zvichiramba zvakada kufanana nanhasi. Kugumira kwetekinoroji kwakaita kuti zvive zvakakosha kubata akasiyana data mamodheru, pamatanho akasiyana.

Nhasi tine dhatabhesi, makomputa uye akabatana masystem eruzivo, kuitira kuti dzakasiyana shanduro dzechokwadi dzinogona kumiririrwa mune imwechete data modhi.

Mufananidzo wekuenzanisira ndeye imwe nyaya yekutambudzika kwehupenyu hwedu hwechokwadi, hunoshandiswa kune nyaya yekutonga kwenyika:

• Pano pane pfuma yepakutanga.
• Pane cusp akapa kodzero yekambani yefoni kuti ishandise kushandiswa kwayo kwemakore 25.
• Uyezve, kune migwagwa, yakave yakagadzirwa nekambani inoshandisa shongwe, iyo iyo isina kodzero yega yega asiwo iyo yekuita mari ye 8,000 madhora mukugadzirisa gore negore.
• Imba yeimba yave iri pasi pemugwagwa.
• Pamusoro pezvo, pane nzvimbo yakamonyorwa yero, muridzi wayo iri wiri yakanyorwa nemuridzi wemurimo. Izvi zvichataura kuti mwanakomana anova muridzi wepfuma, kana achinge aroora uye mwanakomana wake azvarwa. Kana zvisiri, chivakwa chinofanirwa kuve chivakwa chivakwa. Mwanakomana akaroora, asi aona kuti haana chena. Dare repamusorosoro harigadzirise chero chinhu maringe nechido chekupa mutongo, kunyanya izvozvi mukadzi wake zvaari transsexual uye asingakwanise kuita vana kana ...

Zviri pachena kuti kesi yekupedzisira ini ndakawedzeredza chete kuti ndirangarire hupamhi hwehuwandu hwezvinogona. Kuuya kwezera remakomputa kunoratidzira chiitiko chakakosha mukutungamira kweruzivo, kwete chete nekuti zvakafanira kuita masystem ekubatana kwevanhu, asi nekuti kufarira kwekugovana ruzivo munzvimbo dzepasirese kuri pasi rose. Nyaya ye ISO 19152 iyo ndiyo muenzaniso wakajeka wekuti izvi zvose zvinogona sei mukutonga kwenyika zvakagadziridzwa, makirasi aripo, makirasi uye maitiro anotsanangurwa pane imwe neimwe inogona kuitika.

Panzvimbo pekupa kuomarara kuchinhu ichi, izvo zvinotsvakwa neLADM standard (ISO 19152) kubatsira iyo inzvimbo inoona nezvekutarisira ivhu munyika kuzadzisa basa rayo, zvisinei nehukuru hwayo, Registry - Cadastre link, nezvimwe. Uye iro generic basa rinogara riri:

• Chengetedza ukama hwekodzero dzepaimba hunovandudzwa.
•  Ipa ruzivo kuruzhinji nezve iyi registry.

Saizvozvowo kuenzanisira inzira yekushandiswa kwemasvomhu kusvika kumakore geospatial.

1. Chiyero chisungo chemasemantic balance.

Iko kugona kweiye munhu kuve nehasha, kunyanya kana kushambadzira kwemhedzisiro kuri kukwikwidza zvakanyanya, mazuva ese isu tinoshamiswa nemaapplication matsva anoenderana nekutungamira kwenzvimbo topologies. Iko kudiwa kwechiyero kunomuka kungo gadzira chiyero pakati the offer yezvibatsiro zvekambanikiti mumunda wepasial databases, GIS, Indaneti, nzvimbo yakasununguka, michina yepamusoro uye, kune rumwe rutivi izvo zvinoda yevanhu, masangano eruzhinji uye akazvimirira kuti vataurirane neruzivo nenzira kwayo. Kuvapo kweaya madanho kunoita zvepamutemo kuzivikanwa kwemitemo nemitemo iyo zvinhu zvechokwadi zvinogona kuteedzerwa pasi pemutauro mumwechete wesemantic. Iyo inogamuchirwa yepasi rese kuvimbika kwesangano repasi rose rezvimisikidzo (ISO) rinotendera nhasi, -munyaya ye geography- kuti kuyerera kunosanganisira kutora, kugadzirisa, kuongorora, kuratidzira uye kuendesa kwedata renzvimbo pakati pevashandisi vakasiyana, masisitimu nenzvimbo zvinogoneswa. Nekuda kweizvozvo, makambani aimbove nechinzvimbo chavo nezvigadzirwa kana masevhisi izvozvi anotsvaga kuita kutevedzera zviyero zvinoonekwa.

2. Basa reOGC mune geospatial zviyero.

Munyaya ye geospatial standard, yakawanda yeIO mitemo yakagadzirwa ne Vhura Geospatial Consortium OGC -musati mazarura GIS Consortium- uyo anotora chikamu muTechnical Committee (TC / 211) inoona nezvematunhu uye geomatic ruzivo nyaya, kazhinji mumatanho 19000 481. Maseru mazana mana negumi nematanhatu pari zvino anotora chikamu muOGC, kusanganisira makambani, masangano nemasangano eruzhinji ane chekuita nedzidzo munzvimbo yegosipasi. Nekuda kwechiitiko ichi, kusabatana mukushandiswa kwazvino kwetekinoroji mundima yenzvimbo kwakagadziriswa zvakanyanya. Izvo zvinodawo kuti uzive kuti chikamu chekwakakodzera kweOGC chiri nekuda kwenzira yazvino yedemokrasi yezivo inosimudzirwa neyakavhurwa sosi. Kunyangwe iyo OGC yanga iine zita iro kubvira 1994, muenzaniso wayo wakakonzerwa nekuchengetedza simba kweyakare yakavhurwa sosi Geographic Information System: GRASS, yave iripo kubvira maXNUMX. Zvinonakidza zvakare kuona kuti kune kusagadziriswa yeruzhinji, ematunhu uye epasi rose masangano kubheja pakusimudzira uye kushandiswa kwematanho. Nyaya yeLand Administration inoonekwa nematanho akadai se: INSPIRE, iyo inotora ISO 19152 sehunyanzvi mukutarisira pasi, LANDxml.org ndeimwe nyaya, European Land Information Service EULIS uye FIG pachayo.

3. Zvinetso zvevashandi vatsva munzvimbo ye geospatial.

Kukosha kwazvino kwezviyero kunomanikidza nyanzvi nyowani dzakabatana nenyaya dze geospatial, kwete chete kuti uzive asi kudzika. Kunze kwekutora, kuongorora, kugadzirisa kana kuchinjana dhata, vanofanirwa kuziva kuverenga mamodheru, kududzira mitemo, zvirongwa zvepakati uye pamusoro pezvose, mitauro yavakanyorwa. Dambudziko racho harisi nyore. Iwo echinyakare mabasa akapatsanurwa pakati peavo vanotora (vaongorori, vaongorori), avo vanoongorora (geographer, mainjiniya, geologist), avo vanogadzira zvekupedzisira zvinhu (vanogadzira mamapu, vagadziri) nevaya vanoita dhata rekutonga masystem (komputa sainzi) . Iye zvino zvese zviyero zvakabatanidzwa mukushandiswa kwetekinoroji, iyo inoda mutauro wakabatana wemodelling, iyi ndiyo UML.

Asi: Ndeapi mitemo yatinofanira kuziva?

Isu tinoziva kuti kune njodzi yekurasika mukati memazhinji magwaro, maitiro, mitemo nezvibvumirano. Kunze kwekushandisa zviyero, izvo zvatinoita nguva dzese patinosanganisa WMS dura, WFS, zviri nyore kune nyanzvi kuti dziongorore mune ino mamiriro zvishoma nezvishoma.

• Muchiitiko chekutanga, ipfungwa yakanaka kuti uzive izvo zvakakosha zvemutauro weMML. Izvi zvinogona kuitwa padhuze nekuziva iyo CSL (Conceptual Schema Mutauro), yakapusa kunzwisisa sezvo chiyero chayo chiri chehurongwa padanho rekubvisa kwenyika chaiko. Isu tanga tichizviita kubva kusekondari, patakagadzira mepu dzemepu kana mepu dzemepfungwa; iyo yakavandudza kugona kwedu kwekunzwisisa, synthesis, abstraction, uye CSL hapana chimwe chinopfuura chiyero chakashandiswa kumunda iwoyo.
• Ipapo zvinobva zvave nyore kwauri kuti iwe uzive iwo makuru mirau, kunyanya iwo ane hukama nebasa rako schema mukati meiyo geographic dhizaini yekugadzira. Kutaura mashoma, Spatial (ISO 19107), Temporal (ISO 19108), Hunhu (ISO 19115), Gazetteer (ISO 19112) neMetadata Schema (ISO 19115).
• Muchiitiko rechitatu uyewo vanofanira kunzwisisa dzinoitwa kombiyuta mugadziriro mapurani, kunyanya basa-zvinangwa (SOA) izvo zvinogona kuonekwa kuti urongwa kubva Conceptual akaitwa kuti mukuru methodological padanho zvakadzama uye mashoko.

MukupedzisaKukumbanidzwa pakati topological mitemo iri geospatial zviri zvinhu kuti kunyange kuva yakaoma zvitsva nyanzvi basa geosciences, vari mhaka inogona kuenderera ikure kushanda enzvimbo mashoko akawanda anoranga nezuva. Kudzidza kunzwisisa mitero kunongowedzera mikana yevadzidzisi vanotarisira kukwikwidza mumamiriro matsva emamiriro ezvinhu.