Kubhadharira kunotungamirirwa kuGIS. Fiction inopesana nechokwadi 

Mushure mekuverenga imwe nyaya inotanga nekubvunza kuti vashandirwi veGIS vari kutsvaga chii, ndakashamisika kuti zviyero izvi zvinogona sei extrapolate kune nyika dzedu dzekutanga dzinogona kunge zvakafanana kana zvakasiyana (pamwe zvakasiyana zvakanyanya) kubva kune zvako.

Izvo 'zvinhu zvakasvibirira' zvakashandiswa pakudzidza zvachose zvakapiwa basa muGIS rakabudiswa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekugamuchira vanhu. Izvo zvinopiwa zvinoshandiswa ne 'vakuru vatsva' hazvina kubatanidzwa nekuda kwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwekuparadzirwa kwavo.

Mashoko acho akashandiswa kurerekorora basa rekutsvaga pazvikamu zvitatu zvakanyanya kuwanikwa muNew Zealand. "GIS, Geography, Location, Space, Geography" ndiwo mazwi akashandiswa nechinangwa ichi.

Kamwe zvinyorwa zvakanyoreswa, data yakaunganidzwa yakasvibiswa, kubvisa zvinyorwa uye 'mafungiro enhema'. Pakupedzisira, yega yega yekuti zvipimo zvakakumbirwa panzvimbo yakakosha zvakabviswa. Izvo zviito zvakabudiswa uye zvadaro zvakachengetwa zvaiva:

• Tsamba yebasa rinopiwa
• Kutengeswa kwakagadzirwa nekambani yekukumbira
• Nzvimbo yepamusoro yebasa remufambisi wechikumbiro
• GIS sechidimbu chikuru kana chechipiri kune basa rakakumbirwa
• Unyanzvi hwehutano hunodiwa pahuwandu hwepamusoro
• Nzvimbo yenzvimbo uye,
• Mubhadharo

Tinozviona zvakakosha zvakanyanya kumira pano uye kusimbisa dzimwe nheyo kare kupa zvitsva zvekudzidza. Ngationei:

1. I 'GIS indasitiri' nedhinominesheni uye pfungwa yakavhiringidza

"Chimwe chezvikonzero zvandakaita chidzidzo ndechokuti ndaida kuva nemhando yekuita kuti aone chimiro cheGIS industry muNew Zealand. "anonyora Nathan Heazlewood, munyori we bhuku racho iyo yatakakurukura. Uye apo iri munyaya yedu "Mikana yakawanda"Takaedza kujekesa pfungwa, inoratidzika kuti izwi ikozvino ichiri kubereka kusava nechokwadi kwakawanda.

Cherechedza kuti nyaya mbiri dzandichazotora sezvinotaura ndeye munyori mumwechete uye gore rino, 2017. Ini ndichabva ndaita, nemvumo yako, rudzi rwekutsanangurira kuongorori nokuti, sezvamuchaona kubva pakuverenga, kuita inopindirana.

"Sangano reGIS rinogona kuvhiringidza. Izvo zvakaoma "ndiyo mitsara iyo Heazlewood inotanga nayo mushure"Idzi madzinza makuru eGIS industry". Uye anoenderera mberi, "Kuvhiringidzika hakuna kumbobvira kwakanaka." Pokutanga pfungwa. Isu tine pfungwa yakajeka here? Uye kana zvisingaiti, izvo zvinonyanya kuitika, nzira yekuwana nayo nguva yatinozoita nayo nzvimbo iyi yebasa uye iyo chaizvoizvo tibvumira kwatiri zvose tinonzwisisa kuti tinorevei?

Good Nathan transcribes okuti kazhinji kubata: 'Industry GIS', 'Space', 'geomatics', 'Geospatial', 'Science Location', 'kunyanya Bazi Geography' uye pakupedzisira 'vamwe rokuti' ( Zvakazarurwa!). Ndeupi wavo fits zviri nani?

Iyi haisi nyaya shoma sezvinofungwa nomunhu. Nokuda kweikukutanga 'kukanganiswa' kuchasimudza kusava nechokwadi kukuru kunobatanidza zvakananga kushandiswa kwemhando mitatu inoshandiswa: musoro webasa raidiwa, iyo iyo GIS inokosha kana kuti yechipiri inodiwa kubasa uye chii icho chikamu chikuru chekambani mudzidzisi. Ngatitenderei.

2. Iko kunakidza kwezvinyorwa

Simply andobata chikamu chiduku-siyana okuremekedza rinoshandiswa "nyanzvi nzvimbo" kudzidza Heazlewood kuziva kuti sei tangled ndiye 'nomusango okuremekedza uye masangano' zvaro:

Kuve nhanho imwechete kubva pakunyura, tichifara, isu tinorangarira chinyorwa "The Great Tribes ...". Mune izvi, Heazlewood inodzokorora bhuku rekuti iro rakanyanya kubatsira uye kuti, mumaonero edu, rinobatsira kujekesa mufananidzo uyu wakashata.Pfungwa yechipiri. Chokwadi, nemakadhi ebhizinesi izvo ivo vanofanira kuratidza kunaka kwekutengeserana uye, mukuda kwekuzvizivisa isu kunyika nenzira yakanakisisa, vanotanga kuunza kusiyana kwakasiyana-siyana: 'akadzidza', 'junior' uye zvirokwazvo 'vakuru'. Pane munhu angatsanangura zvakajeka kuwanda uye mireji imwe neimwe yezvinyorwa zvinoratidzwa? Isinowanikwa'inoshanda pakati pevamwe vavo? Mubvunzo wakanaka! Ndinokurudzira kuongorora iyo tafura yakakwana yakabudiswa nemunyori pamwe chete consolidated table rakasikwa naye kwete kubva pane tsvakurudzo yakaitwa asi zvakare, pamusoro pezvose, pamusoro pehuchenjeri hwake hwakawanda munzvimbo iyi.

"Zvandinogona kugumisa ndezvokuti kune madzinza mana makuru mu" GIS industry ":

(1) The '… Gists'

(2) The '… Graphers'

(3) The 'Vanoyera'

(4) The 'Techies' ”

Kushandisa chati, edza kutibatsira kuti tinzwisise pfungwa yako:

Kunyatsoteerera iye zvino ne 'chirevo chinotsanangurwa':

"(1) Iwo '… Gists' ndiwo mamwe eanotungamira vaongorori uye vashandisi veGIS dhata iyo inotarisa pakuongororwa kwesainzi (saka mazita avo mazhinji emabasa anopera mu'… GIST '). Iyo inosanganisirawo (kana inogona kusanganisira) mamwe marudzi evanoongorora.

(2) '… Graphers' vanhu vanotarisa pakuratidzira kana kumiririrwa kwedhijitari yedhairekitori, akadai sevatapi vemifananidzo ne 'hama' dzadzo.

(3) 'Vanoyera' ndevaya vanhu vanounganidza data renzvimbo vachishandisa zvese kuyerwa uye zvishandiso zvemifananidzo.

(4) Iyo 'Techies' avo vanoita senge rudzi rwemhando pakati peiyo GIS indasitiri uye tekinoroji. "Kutaura nezvevagadziri veGIS nevamwe vavo vavakabatana navo."

Mushure mekunge izvi zvakanakisisa (kunzwisisa kwedu) tsanangudzo, pfupiso yedu inojekeswa, handizvo here? Regai tidzokere kwatiri kuongorora.

3. Nechechitatu. Izvo zvinhu zvinofadzawo kuongorora

En nzvimbo yekutanga, Sei, kuburikidza nechiziviso chisinganzwisisiki, zvinogoneka kuziva kana GIS iri kana kuti haisi iyo basa guru rekuita basa wekambani akakumbira?

Izvi hazviita sezviri nyore kwazvo kuziva a priorianotsanangura Heazlewood, uyezve ruzivo:

• Iko kune masangano ayo kunyange ari kubudiswa pachena kuburikidza nemufananidzo wekutengeserana wakatarisa pane imwe nzvimbo, ivo chaizvoizvo vanopa mavhisi kune mamwe emabhizimusi. Izvozvo ndizvo zvakaitika kumakambani emakambani ehurumende anokwanisa kupa mavhisi kumabhizimisi ari muminda yekukurukurirana, mazano uye kuvaka.
• Iko kune masangano anokwanisa kuenzana mumapoka akasiyana-siyana, akadai seHurumende yekutakura, iyo inogona kugoverwa pasi peCentral Government inotungamirira, asi iyo inogona kunge yakanyatsorongororwa mukati mekutengeserana.

Muzviitiko zvose izvi ndiwo muongorori wemuongorori, zvichibva pane zvakaitika kwauri, uyo achaita zvisarudzo zvaanoona zvakakodzera.

En yechipiri nzvimbo uye kunyatsoteerera kune vose, chii kana kuti chii unyanzvi hunyanzvi hunodiwa pane software yepamusoro inotaurwa muzviziviso zvekushandisa kweGIS? Pano, munyori anowedzera zvishoma:

• Yakadziviswa kuti ione 'mhuri dzezvigadzirwa' uye yakave neropafadzo yezvinhu zvekushandisa zvemhuri izvo zvaidiwa, somuenzaniso AutoCAD panzvimbo yeCAD chete.
• Kune rumwe rutivi, 'zvishandiso zvinoenderana' zvakawedzerwa kuongororwa sakaita SQL kana HTML. Izvi zvine zvakawanda zvine musoro. Uye zvinotibatsira kuti tive nekufungidzirwa zviri nani kune zvinotengeswa nemusika.
• Zvinonzwisisika kuti zvimwe zviitiko zvinotsanangurwa zvinopfuura imwe rudzi rwemapurogiramu. Zvichida nechishuwo chekutsvina uye chikamu chevanhu vanofarira. Pano tinotora muenzaniso wakanyorwa nemunyori, asi zvirokwazvo unofanira kunge uchiziva mumamiriro avo ezvinhu. Rudzi rwekuongorora ruzivo, pano tinoenda:

“Isu tiri kambani inoshanda ne… (taura, taura, zvino zvinouya chinhu chinonakidza) a) Tinotarisira nzwisiso yakakosha ye html5, css3 uye unosangana nazvo server-side language, b) Kunzwisisa kwemashoko anotevera kunokosha: Makori, CDN, xss, kubvuma headers, ddd, CQRS, tdd, VAMWE, sourcing chiitiko, the pub dzesub, microservices soa, mvc, mvvm, IoC, MAKASIMBA yakaoma y YAGNI"Takamira, takamira, tinopfuurira:" Tiri kushandisa coffeescript, svg, d3, crossfilter, velocityjs, Gwaro, momentjs, bootstrap, zvishoma, nodejs, vachimedza, redis RabbitMQ, expressjs, handlebars, oauth2, passportjs uye docker... ". Iye zvino magumo (zvakanaka zviri kutangira pano) "c) Vamwe ruzivo rwe web mapping frameworks y GIS technologies".

Cherechedza kuti rinoti "imwe zivo muGIS", Havana here kuda nyanzvi? Zvinoratidzika kuti 'hunyanzvi'Izvo hazvibatanidze iyo GIS zvakanyanya ... Isu zvirinani tisiye ipapo toenderera mberi.

• 31% yemashambadziro haana kutsanangura chero software chaiyo (vakangotaura zvinhu senge "inofanirwa kuve nehunyanzvi muGIS"). Izvi zvinoratidzika seyeimwe rutivi rweyeri. Uye munyori anoratidza kuti: "Hazvikwanisi kuzivikanwa nechokwadi kana aya nyevero inokonzerwa nevashandi vachifunga kuti kana muchiziva GIS, munoziva munhu wose, kana kana vashandi vasingazive unyanzvi hwavanonyatsoda." Mubvunzo unonakidza, zvakanaka? Ungaziva sei?

Ichati chinoratidza ma-teknolojia yemapurogiramu ehurongwa maererano neenhamba dzakawanda dzinowanzonzi mune imwe neimwe yeZ140 zveruzhinji dzinoenda pamwe nekuongorora uku:

Uye nekuda kwekukosha kwayo, takabvumira kuratidza mu tafura, gumi (10) matoro makuru anonzi:

En nzvimbo yechitatu, mubhadharo. Yeuka kuti chidzidzo chinoitwa kuNew Zealand. Mari yaro, iyo yeNew Zealand dollar (NZD), inofananidzwa neyo 1 NZD = 0.72 USD (Madhora ekuAmerica). Izvo zvinofanirwa kuwedzerwa kuti, sezvo iwo akasiyana chaiwo munyika imwe neimwe, isu tinogona kungoitora seyakadzama dhata. Mubhokisi rakaratidzwa, 'k' zvirokwazvo inoratidza 'zviuru':

4. Fourth Point. Chokwadi chaicho vs. Fiction. Manyevero ekuchengeta mupfungwa

Zvinoratidzika pachena kuti chero tsvakurudzo inowanikwa munharaunda pamwe chete (uye zvichida neyokutanga) zvingaguma zvinogona kubva kune izvo zvinofanira kunge zvakaratidza scientists rigor uye ivai vimbiso chokwadi. Heazlewood anoratidza kutya kwake pamusoro payo uye anonyevera kuti:

• Ngwarira paunoona 'mafungiro' uye 'zvinhu zvakasiyana'. Tinofanira kukwanisa kuziva avo 'nyanzvi' avo vanofanotaura zvisingateereri uchapupu zvakanyanya asi zviri nani zvakagadzirirwa kushambadzira kwepliminal kumakambani avanomiririra.
• Kuziva 'pfungwa musarudzo'. kuongorora ivavo 'nokuzvidira' kakawanda kuumba wechokwadi mumiririri mimwe yacho indasitiri, izvo zvinogona kuita kuti yakakanganiswa mhedziso.

Kufungisisa izvi rinoguma nokutaura kuti zvidzidzo zvose izvi mhando vanofanira kwokumbosiya dzavo 'tsime Data' (sezvo vakadaro anoita) nekuti kuti vamwe vaigona kuita zvakafanana ongororo uye  Tarisa kuti zvinokwanisika kusvika pane zvakafanana.

5. Chinangwa chevateereri vekudzidza uye nheyo dzakapiwa

Munyori rinoratidza muperekedzi uye / kana chipangamazano kudzidza uye kudzidza GIS. Vakamuudza kuti "kazhinji kwazvo shoma zivo indasitiri uko vari kuda kupinda zvakafanana vasingazivi mikana basa uye vachiravana / zvidzidzo vanofanira kuramba mikana yavo kuwana mabasa." izvi zvose chakanga mamwe ane chikonzero kuferefeta icho tinotaura.

Kuziva uku kunotaurwa nevechiduku ndezvechokwadi chiripo mune chero mamiriro ezvinhu. Nokudaro, tinosimbisa uye tinobvumirana nemunyori pamusoro pekukosha kwekushanda nemashoko akavimbika anotibvumira kuti tive nechinangwa uye chechokwadi.

Uye sezvo chero munhu anopa mutevedzeri ane hanya nekugadza chero ani zvake uye mudzidzi kuverenga basa ravo haufaniri kunetseka zvakanyanya pamusoro pekuziva uye kushandisa zvose maturusi akadomwa muchiziviso chebasa akateedzerwa uye akanyorwa pamusoro, izvo zvechokwadi zvakaburitsa inopfuura kamwe kampu mune dzakawanda. Wobva wawedzera izvi kuti isu hatizeze kugovera uye kunyora mazwi nezwi: "KANA USINA MAZVIMBO OSE ANODZIDZWA, USANYANYA." Kuwedzera nekuseka: "Ini ndangonzwa mamwe emazwi aya munzvimbo yangu yebasa." Chishanu pfungwa kuti inotorwa zvakanyanya.

Zviwanikwa zvekudzidza

Uye takasvika! Tinotsanangura apa chete avo vanotibvumira kwatiri gare gare mazwi makuru:

• Un 53% yezvinyorwa zvakabudiswa zvinotora GIS sechibvumirano nezvidikanwa zvakakumbirwa kudivi, apo a 47% rinotarisa kuGIS sechinhu chikuru chekushanda kwako.
• Masangano emaguta emunharaunda anowedzera katatu mamwe mapurisa kupfuura masangano ehurumende.
• I15% yemabasa muGIS yakabatana nekutakura, kugadzirwa kwezvinhu kana kutengeswa.
• Zuva nezuva zvizivo zvebasa rakabudiswa muGIS muNew Zealand.

Mashoko ekupedzisira

Tine pachena kuti chokwadi che nyika imwe chakasiyana. Zvisinei, hatigoni kumira kuzvibvunza isu, pamusoro pezvakatipoteredza:

• Ko GIS yakawanda inodiwa sechinhu chinonyanya kukosha mumabasa ekugadzirira?
• Zvichienderana nekwematongerwo enyika-geographical kupatsanurwa kwenzvimbo yako, ndedzipi nzvimbo dzeruzhinji - dzehurumende kana dzevashandi vega dzidzo huru mazano evashandi akagadzirwa kuGIS?
• Ndezvipi nzvimbo yemabhizimisi inonyanya kuda vashandi muGIS?
• Kakawanda sei basa reGIS rinowanikwa mumitambo yakasiyana-siyana?

Mibvunzo ine mhinduro dzatinofanira kuedza kuwana. Saka tinogumisa nyaya iyi nemubvunzo watinotarisira kuti unofanira kuva umwe wemashoko ekufungidzira uri woga:

Iwe unonyatsoziva chechokwadi cheGIS yebhizimisi uye zvigone zvayo mukondinendi kana pasi pekune imwe nyika yauri iwe?