The National System pamusoro Property Management SINAP

Iyo National Property Administration Sisitimu (SINAP) inzvimbo yehunyanzvi inosanganisa ruzivo rwese rwakanangana neyakaitika uye yakajairika sosi yerudzi, uko vakasiyana veruzhinji uye vakazvimirira vatambi nevanhu vakazvimiririra vanorekodha zviitiko zvese zvine chekuita nezvinhu zvemidziyo. chivakwa, chakakosha kubumbiro uye kusimbisa musika wemasheya.

Mufananidzo uri kurudyi uchazviona pane imwe nzvimbo, iyo inofungidzira iyo rimwe zuva ndakaita munguva yangu yega LADM, mune imwe yezviratidzwa muAmsterdam, ikoko ne2012.

SINAP yakazvarwa uye ikashandiswa muHonduras munguva ya2002-2005, mukati mehurongwa hweLand Administration Chirongwa, chakafanana neicho chaiitika panguva imwecheteyo munyika dzinoverengeka pasi pekutsigirwa nemari kweWorld Bank. Iyo haina kuzvarwa sekufemerwa kwekunze, hwaro hwayo huri mune zvekare dzidziso dzinotsigira kusimudzira mamodheru, uko zvinhu zvinotungamira zvekusimudzira misika zviri, kune rumwe rutivi, kuderera kwekushandisa marin (zvigadzirwa, vanhu, teknolojia uye mari) uye kune rumwe rutivi kuderera kwekutengesa mari. Nekudaro, zvichipiwa kunetsekana kwekudzikisa mutengo wekugadzira mune iri kusimukira nyika, chiyero chikuru cheSINAP ndechekuderedza mutengo wekutengesa uye nguva.

SINAP haasi kombiyuta mudziyo, asi kuva mitemo kusanganisira Michina kukura, kusangana kuti masangano wekuongorora vanobatanidzwa munyika utariri uye anoitwa pezvakaitwa pachishandiswa dzakawanda nezvemaitiro mitemo uye kuitwa mashoko dzemuchina dzakaitawo uye kutaurirana.
Kana SINAP yakafungidzirwa, pane kujeka kwakaringana kwekungoshandisa tekinoroji, pasina kugadzirisa mutemo uye masisitimu emitemo, zvinoita sekuisa matai pabhiza, panzvimbo pekugadzira mota nyowani. Nekudaro, zano racho rinoperekedzwa neshanduko yakakura inosanganisira kugadzirwa kwemitemo mitsva seProperty Law uye Land Management Law; Pasi peichi chimiro chepamutemo, iyo Property Institute inogadzirwa, iyo inounza pamwe Property Registry (yaive yeDare Repamusorosoro reJustice), National Cadastre (iyo yaive Executive Directorate inoenderana nePurezidhendi) uye National Geographic Institute ( zvaitsamira pa Ministry of Public Works and Transportation).

Tsika itsva Directorate of Records, mumwe Directorate of Cadastre uye Geography uye kero Regularization pasi Manyiminya vakaomerera outsourcing kubudikidza Associated Centers anogona makanzuru kana masangano pasi paruzhinji-private Kudyidzana.

SINAP yakaberekwa pasi peCore Model Cadastre Domain Model (CCM), gwaro raive panguva iyoyo raiva rakagadzirwa naChrisaan Lemmen nedzimwe geofumadas dzaida kutsvaka nzira yeCadastro 2014.

The CCDM muna 2012 akava LADM (ISO-19152), asi panguva iyoyo (2002) atova mafungiro zvakakwana akura sei zvinhu kushanda munyika yaitonga vaigona nyore kuti nyore ukama muMutemo, kuzvidzora uye Responsibility (RRR ) pakati wekuongorora (Party) uye yokunyoresa zvinhu (BAUnits), pamwe nenyika sezvo spatial ukama zvinhu uye Mapping sezvo zvinhu mutemo paruzhinji chokuita mutemo voga.

Uyu ndiwo mazano ekugadzira SINAP mugore re 2004; pamwe akatevedzana transactional nodes iyo panguva iyoyo zvaitova: SINIMUN kuti makanzuru, INTUR nokuda toerisme zvekutepfenyura, SINIA Environment, SNGR nokuda pangozi zvakanaka, CIEF kuti miti uye INFOAGRO nokuda zvokurima zvekutepfenyura.

Chiratidzo kurudyi ndicho chandaifanirwa kugadzirisa patsva muna2012, ndichitarisira kuzivikanwa kweiyo iripo. Mupfungwa yakapfupikiswa, SINAP ipuratifomu inosanganisa angangoita mana makuru masystem-mashoma:

The Unified System of Records SURE.

Iyi sisitimu inosanganisira, pakati pezvimwe zvinyorwa, chaicho chivakwa uye iyo cadastral registry seyakafanana chokwadi. Zvinoreva kuti mapacadastral mapasuru anoita kutsvaira kwakazara kwenharaunda, zvese zvepachivande zvivakwa zvakabatanidzwa kune zvivakwa zvakanyoreswa pasi peiyo chaiyo firosi maitiro, pamwe nezvinhu zvekushandisa kuruzhinji senge migwagwa nenzizi dzakabatana nefirosi yekunyora. Pamusoro pezvo, mapasuru anoratidza sekukanganisa nzira inotambudzwa necartography iyo inosunganidzwa nemutemo weveruzhinji, pamwe nenzvimbo dzemafashama, nzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa, nzvimbo dzezvakaitika kare, nezvimwe.

ZVINOKOSHA hazvirevi bedzi zvivako zveimba; iyo agnostic kuti zvishoma nezvishoma iyanise zvinhu zvakasiyana zvenyika; ikozvino inosanganisira yekutengeserana, yekuchenjera, uye yemotokari.

Nzvimbo yeNational Territorial Information System (SINIT)

Iyi sisitimu inonyoresa uye inoburitsa ruzivo rwese rwemakara rwunogadzirwa nemasangano akasiyana enyika uye inogadzira masevhisi-anowedzerwa ayo anoita kuti vashandisi vave pasi pechirongwa chimwe chete chekuratidzira. Uye zvakare, inoshambadza ruzivo rwepakati, inozadzisa basa renzvimbo yekuchengetedza ruzivo kuti isarasikirwe neruzivo rwunogadzirwa nemasangano eruzhinji uye zvakare kushanda senzvimbo yekuburitsa kune avo vasina zvivakwa zvinodiwa kuti vashandise ruzivo rwavakaburitsa.

Register yeMitemo yekushandisa Mitemo (RENOT)

Iri rejista rinosanganisa ese mirau ine hunhu hwekukanganisa kana kubatsirwa mukushandisa, dura kana kugara kwenzvimbo. Kwakatangira rejista iyi kwakabatana neiyo Territorial Ordinance Mutemo, ichitsvaga kuti hurongwa hwezvisungo uye zvimiro zveveruzhinji zvakagadzirwa nemasangano akasiyana zvinogona kumanikidzwa uye kuratidzwa semhedzisiro pamapasuru ari mukubvunza kana chitupa checadastral, pamwe ne manejimendi enzira kana zvitupa muzvivakwa zvePfuma Rejista.

Kunyangwe vatsigiri veRENOT vakachinja panguva dzakasiyana, pfungwa yavo inoramba yakafanana neinodiwa kuti mepu dzakapendwa dzisungirwe: "Panofanira kunge paine mamiriro emutemo anopa simba misimboti yemvumo, hunyanzvi, kushambadzira uye kunyoresa, kuitira kuti mitemo ye kurongeka kwevanhu kunoratidzwa mumidziyo yega.

The National Spatial Data Infrastructure (INDES)

Ehezve, kwete zvese zvaive nyore kuita. Muna 2002, nyaya yeSpatial Data Infrastructures yaive yechinyakare, zvirinani mune idzi nyika uko kugona kugona uye zvipo zvedzidzo zvemayunivhesiti zvine zvishoma zvekupa. Panguva iyoyo yechina system yainzi Clearinghouse, izwi rechimakumi masere iro rinotiyeuchidza nezvedzinza rekutsvaga metadata. Kwegore iro randinofanira kuzvitora patsva, tinoriidza iyo National Spatial Data Dziviriro (INDES).

Zvakanga zvakakodzera here SINAP simba?

SINAP yakaratidzirwa mumamiriro akasiyana siyana epasirese, kunyangwe mumaonero angu, haina vanyori vanoshuvira kutaura nezve mabhenefiti avo pasi penzira yekuda nyika. Kune hutsi hwakazvarwa kubva pakutanga, patafura yegirazi uye makapu mashoma ekofi, munyika ine matambudziko ehuori uye hutongi hwezvematongerwo enyika hwakafanana nenyika zhinji dzine mamiriro epaSpanish, SINAP chirongwa chemuenzaniso mune zvakawanda zvinhu. Pamasisitimu mana, SURE ndiyo yaive nemamiriro ekusimudzira, nekuti kuvandudzwa kwayo kwakaitwa munguva yakanyorwa sekunyanyisa kwaiita vanababa vayo uye nekuti vaibheja pakushandisa nzira dzakawanda dzekukumbira mutemo mutsva uye shanduko yesangano, izvo zvisiri nyore (kana kukurudzirwa) kuzviita mune chero nyika; kunyangwe nekuda kweizvi vaifanirwa kusvetuka zvipingaidzo sekusabata kodhi yehurumende (nderipi remazuva ano richapasa bhiri), pamwe neyakaganhurika zviitiko muCadastre-Registry basa, kunyangwe zvaiverengerwa mune nyanzvi dzakasimbiswa.

Kana masangano kukura pane matambudziko akawanda kubva mukupera vachembera chirongwa, kushaya ndokuendeswa basa uye vashandi unforeseeable pamwe kwakaita zvinenge hupere nezvenguva yacho Property Institute kushongedzwa; Zvisinei, IYE SURE semakambani ekugadzirwa kwekambani akakodzera ruremekedzo rwakabvumira kuti irambe ruchishanda semuzinda wepamutemo.

Free software yepanguva iyoyo yakanga isina kuonekwa nekukura kwemaziso, saka zvakanga zvakakodzera kushandisa yakawanda yezvigadzirwa zvemichina, kupa muenzaniso:

• Iyo mapikicha edijitori yakashandiswa pakugadzirwa kweVBA, kubva mubhuku guru rezvinyorwa, kusvika kune zvinyorwa zvinyorwa zveDGN V8, nekutarisa checkin-checkout uchishandisa ProjectWise,
• Kuburikidza newaona webhusaiti paAlexX, vashandisi vemunharaunda vakakumbira kushandiswa kwekutengesa vachishandisa DGN redline, GeoWeb Publisher uye Web Explorer lite.
• Chizvarwa che cadastral chiiti chinogona kuitwa kubva kumudzimai we Microstation Geographics, achiita mapepa, data cadastral uye chechi chati chete nekusarudza key cadastral; paIndaneti inogona kuve yakashandiswa kuburikidza neGeWeWeb Publisher, pachavo kana kuti massively, kuumba mafaira eP PDF ane dphanumeric uye graphic data.
• Kuongorora uye kubvisa mabhuku ekuregererwa kwakaitwa nemashandisirwo ezvinyorwa zvakashandura basa iri rakaoma mukuita maquila, iyo yakazobuda kunze kune makambani ega.
• Nzvimbo yekutengesa ye cadastral uye folio chaiyo yakagadzirwa zvachose webhu.

Zvichida kushandiswa kweavo ese matekinoroji, vese avo vashandisi uye iyo nhanho yemagetsi yakazviwanira iwo mubairo weBeAwards muna 2004 (nhasi BeInspired), muboka rekutarisira nharaunda uye muna 2005 muchikamu cheHurumende. Asi iyo acid bvunzo yaive apo muna 2006 aifanirwa kusangana neshanduko yezvematongerwo enyika nerimwe bato uye ese iwo echinyakare maitiro ehutongi hwezvematongerwo enyika uye chishuwo chekudzima zvese uye kutanga kubva pakutanga.

Mamwe mangwanani ivo vakasvika vaine dhisiki rekunze (iro raive nyowani panguva iyoyo), kutaura kuti vaizochengeta Unified Record System pane dhisiki iyi ... vakarega kuibvunza kana vaona kuti vaizoda madhiraivha ekunze mazhinji.

Mumwe mangwanani, mumwe munhu akakumbira manejimendi weiyo database maneja mushandisi. Mushure memazuva maviri akange akanganwa password, uye zvaidikanwa mazuva ese matatu kutanga dhatabhesi mushure mezvimedu backups pakati pehusiku, nekuti panguva iyoyo pakanga pasina server virtualization uye replica yakaramba ichishanda panguva iyo backup pakati pe12 husiku uye 6 mangwanani.

Zvinyorwa zvekare zvakashandisa sangano zvakatanga kunyunyuta, uye ipapo mukomana akaziva kuti Hurongwa hwacho hwakanga huri huwandu hwemifananidzo hunofadza kuti unakidze PowerPoint Presentations.

Zvirokwazvo kubva mukukanganisa kwakaitwa pane zvimwe zvidzidzo zvinobatsira izvo vashandisi vakasiyana avo vakatora chikamu mukufungidzira, dhizaini, kusimudzira, zvinyorwa, kuita uye nhanho yekumisikidza vachakwanisa kutaura. Kana sisitimu iri itsva, uye vanhu vari vatori vechikamu, mikana iri shure kwechiitiko ichi inoshandura hupenyu hwavo, kupfuura ruzivo rwunowanikwa.

Izvo zvisingagoni kurambwa pamusoro pekuzvipira kweHonduras, neSINAP, ndeyokuti nekufamba kwenguva, chiono chekutanga hachina kuchinja. Iyo sisitimu yakakwanisa kurarama nguva nhatu dzehurumende, kusanganisira coup (2009); panguva iyi pakanga paine mukana wese wekukundikana, asi kushandiswa kwenheyo yekunzwisisa kwakakosha "Kana iwe uchizoita hurongwa hwakawanda, ita kuti hushande nesimba“; pavakada kudzokera kukushandisa mabhuku, vashandisi vakafanana vaizvidzivirira. Parizvino, gumi nematanhatu pamatunhu makumi maviri nemana ekunyoresa, ayo atoshanda pahurongwa uhu, akagadziridzwa. Muna 16, chirongwa chekushanduka-shanduka chakaitwa kuti vatamire kupuratifomu nyowani zvese izvo zvakange zvadzikiswa, kubatanidza yakavhurika sosi software yekuvandudza kusimudzira, uye kugadzirisa iyo bhizinesi modhi kuti igadzirire kubatanidzwa kweakavanzika opareta, nekugamuchirwa kweiyo LADM chiyero uye BlockChain teknolojia yekuchengetedzwa kwedata. Imwe yeakanyanya kuwedzerwa aive mapakeji mune iyo spatial database, iyo inoitwa kubva kunokonzeresa, zvekuti kana geometry nyowani yakanyoreswa neyakajairika kubatana (senzvimbo nyowani yakachengetedzwa), ese maCadastre Parcels anokanganiswa otomatiki uye anoonekwa seyambiro yekudzivirira mumapurazi eRegistry; Vhura matekinoroji senge OpenLayers, GeoServer uye GeoNetwork akaisirwawo kutsiva GeoWeb Publisher neBentleyMap kutsiva Microstation Geographics; yemaguta, masevhisi ewebhu akagadzirwa kuti ayanane kuburikidza neWFS pamusoro peiyo QGIS plugin

Mumufananidzo unotevera ndakatora nzira yekufamba kweSINAP, iyo inotsvaka kukunda maviri 2014 Cadastre kuzivisa izvo zvisati zvakundwa: kuti masangano akazvimirira ega pamwe neveruzhinji vashande pamwe chete, izvo zviri kutungamira kuchikumbiro chisina musoro chekubatana kweruzhinji-akazvimirira pamwe nekushandiswa kwakanyanya kwehungwaru hwebhizinesi iyo inobvumidza kuti mari dziwanikwe zvizere.

Pasi pechiratidzo chitsva, iyo SINIT neRENOT masisitimu haachadiwe semamwe masisitimu, sekuratidzwa nekukanganisa kwetekinoroji nematareji emagetsi e2004. SINIT ingori imwezve registry yeSURE (Iyo Cartographic Registry) uye RENOT iyo Normative Registry; iyo nyowani system ichiri kuvandudzwa; Iyo graphic pazasi inoratidza imwe yeako tekinoroji zvigadzirwa.

Kana zvinhu zvikaenderera padanho razvino, SINAP ichakwanisa kuzadzisa fungidziro yayo yaive kubva pakutanga pasi pechisungo cheMasangano Akabatana; kuve iyo Registry uye Cadastre chete zvinodzora masisitimu mukati me centralized system inoshandiswa pasi pe Front-back office plan.

Saka ma maneja ane basa rekutarisa cadastral uye kupa mabasa anoenderana nekutapurirana; Parizvino, matunhu akati wandei akatozviita pasi pechirongwa chekuendesa vanhu, dzimba dzekudyara dzakatoshanda zvakananga nemamwe mabhangi, senge mahofisi eparutivi, pamwe neyeMercantile Registry iyo inoshandirwa neChamber of Commerce uye mukwikwidzi kuti aite zvakanyanya kupfuura izvo ...

Zvirokwazvo kushaya simba kukuru kweSINAP kuchave kwenguva yakareba, kushomeka kwevanyanduri vanotaura nezve kugona kwayo kubva padanho rekufunga, tekinoroji uye tekinoroji. Tsitsi, tichifunga kuti ingangove yekutanga mureza wakashongedzwa weLADM, isati yave standard (CCDM); zvinokodzera kuti dzimwe nyika dzakadai seColombia dzitore, uko rudzi urwu rwekubwinya rusina kumiswa kutora mukana uye kuiswa muhurongwa hweveruzhinji, sezvakaratidzwa INOPEZA 3859.

Zvidzidzo zvinodzidziswa kubva kuSINAP zvine gumi nemasere, uye zvakakosha kwazvo… kuve chikamu cheutsi uhu kwakakosha. Pachave nenguva yekutaura nezvazvo, kufara kunopera kwegore 8.